Pigments were first extracted from tomato paste by a 50/50 mixture of acetone/hexanes; these miscible molecules act together as one organic solvent. Pigments choose the organic layer over the tomato paste with water‚ which allowed for their extraction. K2CO3 is an ionic base that was added to deprotonate the citric acid. The ionic product of the reaction in figure 3 now prefers the aqueous layer‚ which serves to wash the pigments of the acidic impurity. Saturated NaCl pulls any water into the
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CHAPTER NO.1 INTRODUCTION HYPERTENSION: INTRODUCTION: This means abnormally elevated blood pressure. It may refer to increase blood pressure in any blood vessels‚ such as pulmonary or portal hypertension. However‚ it usually refers to an elevated systemic arterial blood pressure. Hypertension is not a disease but physical finding. 1.1 DEFINITION: Hypertension may be define as either a sustained systolic blood pressure (SBP) of greater than 140 mmHg or a sustained diastolic
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Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Analysis Vol. I 1‚ No. 3‚ pp. 191-196‚ 1993 Printed in Great Britain 0731-7085/93 $6.00 + 0.00 ~) 1993 Pergamon Press Ltd The study of the differential pulse voltammetric behaviour of ergot alkaloids and their determination by DC amperometric detection in a FIA system* JUDIT INCZEFFY‚t$ ZSUZSA BERTHA SOMODI‚$ ZSOFIA PAP-SZIKLAY$ and GYORGY FARSANG§ $ Chemical Works of Gedeon Richter Ltd‚ P.O.B. 27‚ H-1475 Budapest‚ Hungary § Institute of Inorganic and
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Keghan Chapter 8 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Topic: Structure Elucidation 1. An alkene adds hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to give 3‚4-dimethylhexane. Ozonolysis of the alkene followed by treatment with zinc and acetic acid gives a single organic product. The structure of the alkene is: CH3 A) CH3CH=C-CHCH2CH3 (cis or trans) CH3 CH3 B) CH3CH2C=CCH3 (cis or trans) CH2CH3 C) CH3 CH2=CCH2CHCH2CH3 CH3 CH2 D) CH3CH2CCHCH2CH3 CH3 CH3 E) CH3CH2CHCHCH=CH2
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yield of the reaction. The crude product Z-Stilbene was completely favored 100/0 to E-Stilbene as an integration of 10.73 was recorded at 6.6 ppm for Z-Stilbene but no peak was recorded at 7.1 ppm for Z-Stilbene. When Stilbene undergoes photo isomerization it favors almost exclusively E-Stilbene as an integration of 15.14 at 7.1 ppm was observed compared to an integration of 0.89 at 6.6 ppm. This ratio of 94/6 almost completely favors the E product as it is more stable due to its conjugation. In
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ISOMERIZATION OF AN ALKENE Martin‚ Marilen1‚ Lovenia‚ Melden D.2 1Professor‚ School of Che-Chm-BE-MSE‚ Mapua Institute of Technology; 2Students‚ Chm145L/A41‚ School of Che-Chm-BE-MSE‚ Mapua Institute of Technology ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted to accomplish the following objectives. The first objective aims to synthesize an isomer of alkenes. This was done by converting maleic acid to fumaric acid. This conversion was accomplished by applying a heat-catalyzed reaction on maleic acid
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INTRODUCTION: All information here is to be used at your own risk. The procedures documented in this file‚ if carried out by unlicensed individuals would violate laws against controlled substances in most countries and could result in criminal charges being filed. If carried out by individuals unskilled at chemistry they could result in serious bodily harm. MDMA ("Ecstasy") is a semi-synthetic compound which can be made relatively easily from available precursors. Synthesis instructions exist which
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or 1b (2-pentanol)‚ and 2 (1‚4-dimethyl-3-pentanol). The purpose of this experiment was to understand and become familiar with the reaction mechanisms and be able to observe and compare the product or products for each of the reactions using 13C NMR and IR. The reaction of 1-propanol (1a) with NaBr/H2SO4 was 1-bromopropane‚ the reaction of 2-pentanol (1b) with NaBr/H2SO4 was 2-bromopentane and the reaction of 2‚4-dimethyl-3-pentanol with HCl/ZnCl2 was 2‚4-dimethyl-3-chloropentane. Background: Alcohols
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2. CARDIOVASCULAR HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM 2.A. Cardiac Drugs Generic name | Brand name | Dopamine HCl | BAXTER DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE & 5% DEXTROSE INJ. | | DOPAMAX | | DOPAQARD | | HOSPIRA DOPAMINE HCL | | MYOCARD | Dopamine HCl in 5 % dextrose sol’n | HOSPIRA DOPAMINE HCL IN 5% DEXTROSE SOLUTION | | MYOCARD- DX | Amiodarone HCl | AMIO | | ANOION | | CORDARONE | | MYODIAL | | RYTHMA | | Dbutamine HCl | BAXTER DOBUTAMINE HCL IN 5% DEXTROSE INJ | | CARDOMIN
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A carbohydrate is an organic compound that consists only of carbon‚ hydrogen‚ and oxygen‚ usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words‚ with the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. The carbohydrates (saccharides) are divided into four chemical groupings: monosaccharides‚ disaccharides‚ oligosaccharides‚ and polysaccharides. In general‚ the monosaccharides and disaccharides‚ which are smaller (lower molecular weight) carbohydrates‚ are commonly referred to as sugars.
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