Hypertension and ACE Inhibitor.
CHAPTER NO.1
INTRODUCTION
HYPERTENSION:
INTRODUCTION:
This means abnormally elevated blood pressure. It may refer to increase blood pressure in any blood vessels, such as pulmonary or portal hypertension. However, it usually refers to an elevated systemic arterial blood pressure. Hypertension is not a disease but physical finding.
1.1 DEFINITION:
Hypertension may be define as either a sustained systolic blood pressure (SBP) of greater than 140 mmHg or a sustained diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of greater than 90 mmHg.
Hypertension occurs due to increase in peripheral vascular smooth muscle tone, which is leading to increase arteriolar resistance and reduce capacitance of the venous system [Lippincott, s 4th edition].
Stage 1 hypertension: Clinic blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or higher and subsequent ambulatory.
Blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) daytime average or home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM)
Average blood pressure is 135/85 mmHg or higher.
Stage 2 hypertension: Clinic blood pressure is 160/100 mmHg or higher and subsequent ABPM
Daytime average or HBPM average blood pressure is 150/95 mmHg or higher.
Severe hypertension
Clinic systolic blood pressure is 180 mmHg or higher, or clinic diastolic pressure is 110 mmHg or higher [Davidson, s 21 editions].
ETIOLOGY OF HYPERTENSION: Hypertension occurs due to unknown reason some time hypertension occur due to secondary reason e.g. a person suffering from kidney disease or diabetes etc. About 90% of patients have essential hypertension due to unknown reason. Hypertension also occurs due to family history. The incidence of essential hypertension in blacks more frequents than white. Also hypertension is more in middle age male than the middle age female. Environmental factor such as a stressful life style, high dietary intake of sodium and smoking In most cases the reason of hypertension is unknown. Elevated blood pressure is mostly common disorder, effecting approximately
INTRODUCTION
HYPERTENSION:
INTRODUCTION:
This means abnormally elevated blood pressure. It may refer to increase blood pressure in any blood vessels, such as pulmonary or portal hypertension. However, it usually refers to an elevated systemic arterial blood pressure. Hypertension is not a disease but physical finding.
1.1 DEFINITION:
Hypertension may be define as either a sustained systolic blood pressure (SBP) of greater than 140 mmHg or a sustained diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of greater than 90 mmHg.
Hypertension occurs due to increase in peripheral vascular smooth muscle tone, which is leading to increase arteriolar resistance and reduce capacitance of the venous system [Lippincott, s 4th edition].
Stage 1 hypertension: Clinic blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or higher and subsequent ambulatory.
Blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) daytime average or home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM)
Average blood pressure is 135/85 mmHg or higher.
Stage 2 hypertension: Clinic blood pressure is 160/100 mmHg or higher and subsequent ABPM
Daytime average or HBPM average blood pressure is 150/95 mmHg or higher.
Severe hypertension
Clinic systolic blood pressure is 180 mmHg or higher, or clinic diastolic pressure is 110 mmHg or higher [Davidson, s 21 editions].
ETIOLOGY OF HYPERTENSION: Hypertension occurs due to unknown reason some time hypertension occur due to secondary reason e.g. a person suffering from kidney disease or diabetes etc. About 90% of patients have essential hypertension due to unknown reason. Hypertension also occurs due to family history. The incidence of essential hypertension in blacks more frequents than white. Also hypertension is more in middle age male than the middle age female. Environmental factor such as a stressful life style, high dietary intake of sodium and smoking In most cases the reason of hypertension is unknown. Elevated blood pressure is mostly common disorder, effecting approximately
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