References: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/centralized-vs-decentralized-organizational-structure-2785.html http://www.12manage.com/methods_centralization_decentralization.html http://www.econlib.org/library/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy200.html
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were experienced under the Article of Confederation. A decentralized government means that the states holds the power of governing the people as opposed to a centralized government‚ where the national government will rule all the states. The tension between decentralized and centralized power still exists. Some problems of decentralized power that existed under the Article of Confederation were tax‚ leadership‚ and law. Being a decentralized power did not give the national government direct authority
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Distinguish between line authority and staff authority is new concept for me. Authority is the right to perform a task or give orders to some one else. Line authority is the right to carry out tasks and give orders related to the organization’s primary purpose. Staff authority is the right to advise or assist those with line authority. As a QA supervisor‚ I have staff authority. I instruct to stop production process if my team observed any quality related issues. Hold the finished product. Ask
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Carl Anderson and John J. Bartholdi‚ III (2000). Centralized versus decentralized control in manufacturing: lessons from social insects. Pages 92–105 in “Complexity and Complex Systems in Industry‚” Proceedings‚ University of Warwick‚ 19th–20th September 2000‚ (McCarthy‚ I. P. and Rakotobe-Joel‚ T.‚ Eds.). The University of Warwick‚ U.K. 652 pp. [ISBN 0 902683 50 0] Centralized versus decentralized control in manufacturing: lessons from social insects Carl Anderson† and John J. Bartholdi‚ III
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name a few‚ deemed it necessary construct and instill a government that would protect the individual rights of American citizens while avoiding a tyrannical government from taking charge of the nation. The first attempt of government‚ lead to a decentralized government brought in place by the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation called for states being sovereign and independent because of the fear of a central government. The issue the opposition
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3.2 DECENTRALISED PLANNING India is rightly regarded as the land of villages. In a country where 72.22% of the population (2001 Census) lives in 5‚80‚781 villages‚ the importance of rural local government popularly known as Panchayati Raj in India‚ is self-evident. Indeed‚ the idea of rural local government is part of a larger concern for social & economic amelioration of the people‚ a task to which the country is irrevocably committed. The Panchayats have been among the oldest political institutions
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an extension of the owner’s or board’s personality‚ management style and characteristics. Two types of organizational structures are found in the business environment: centralized and decentralized. Each structure offers advantages and disadvantages for organizations. One company who wholeheartedly operates under a decentralized organizational structure is British Petroleum. BP is a British multinational oil and gas company headquartered in the United Kingdom. It operates in over 80 countries
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development plans with a long-term perspective by targeting various development sectors. Such a spatial plan is classically referred to as a Development Plan or Master Plan. Planning Process in India The planning system in India was more centralized one. In centralized
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internal recruiting and external recruiting Introduction In businesses‚ people are the most crucial resource and every company aims to absorb talented people to fill the vacancies of managerial positions‚ therefore recruitment has become more and more important as an indispensable part of business. In order to select the highly qualified and competent employees‚ the enterprise designs a recruitment‚ which consists of two different methods: internal recruiting and external recruiting. Nevertheless
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an essay on the following topic: "Discuss cultural differences as they exist in American and Vietnamese culture and suggest some ways to overcome them." CONTENT The difference of culture impacts so much to the way to living‚ the way of thinking and the way of doing business. America and Vietnam have a big difference in culture‚ religion and business. However‚ we live in a world where it is called flat world‚ where there is no restriction between countries. It requires us to integrate in order to
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