Water Technology Hardness of Water: Natural waters containing large quantities of dissolved salts of Calcium (Ca) & Magnesium (Mg) is called hard water. It is a characteristic of preventing lather formation of water with soap. Ca2+ & Mg2+ ions react with soaps which are salts of fatty acids (stearic or palmitic acid) to give insoluble scums or precipitates of calcium or magnesium stearate or palmitate. 2C17H35COO- + Ca2+ → (C17H35COO)2 Ca (scum) 2C17H35COO- + Mg2+ → (C17H35COO)2
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Experiment 05 Water Hardness October 8th‚ 2013 The hardness of water was determined using the methods of titration‚ conductivity‚ and pH analysis. The mean and uncertainty of CaCO3 is 134±36.0 ppm. An error that could have potentially happened could be that the equivalence point was not correctly established causing inaccurate data. BACKGROUND: 1In hard water there is a high amount of mineral content present in the water. Most of the mineral content that is present
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Complexometric Determination Of Water Hardness By Angelica Aquino CHM 152 LL January 5‚ 2013 METHODS: 1. Prepare an approximate 0.004 M disodium EDTA solution. To prepare this solution‚ weigh about 0.7-0.8 g of Na2EDTA and dissolve in 500 mL deionized water in your plastic bottle. Make to to shake the bottle to dissolve the salt. 2. Obtain a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask and transfer a 10 mL of CaCO3 using a buret into the flask. 3. Measure 30 mL of deionized water and add it into
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Hardness of Water by EDTA Titration Introduction Water hardness is caused by natural minerals that are dissolved into the water‚ predominantly calcium and magnesium‚ and is measured as the equivalent concentration of calcium carbonate (in milligrams per litre). Water hardness is usually noticed because of difficulty in lathering soap and the formation of a scum in the bathtub. Ca2+ and Mg2+ form insoluble salts with soaps causing precipitation of the soap scum. Another effect of hard water
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DETERMIATION OF TOTAL HARDNESS IN ILARA COMMUNITY DRINKING WATER TABLE OF CONTENT. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION MOTIVATION LITERATURE REVIEW PROBLEM STATEMENT EXPERIMENT RESEARCH QUESTIONS DISCUSSION CONCLUSION ABSTRACT This project was done to determine the total hardness of ilara mokin water to show the usefulness of hard water in industries‚ environmental and social links. INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS HARDNESS OF WATER: It is when water passes through
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William Piumbroeck Chem 214 Acid-Base Titration‚ Determination of Carbonate and Bicarbonate in a water sample Introduction The purpose of this lab is to determine the concentration of two bases‚ carbonate and bicarbonate‚ by using a potentiometric titration. We can determine the concentration of the bases in the reactions ( H+ +CO3- < ==> HCO3- and H+ + HCO3- < ==> H2CO3-) by the way the pH of the solution changes. The way the pH changes when a strong acid is added can
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Determination of Water Hardness Using a Titrator Heather Crall Chemistry 1 SMT- 271044 10/17/2012 Abstract From seeing all of my results and conclusion I now see that I didn’t understand this lab very well and that its not easy when others try to help. Since I have hard water it tells me that my water flows over and through rocks and minerals‚ like limestone. Purpose The purpose of this lab is to become familiar with the concept of water hardness. We learn that hard water contains
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Introduction Why: The goal of this experiment is to determine the water hardness of the prepared unknown water sample. Determining water hardness is a useful test that measures the quality of water for its household and industrial users. Water’s hardness arises from the presence of metal ions – specifically metal ions with a charge of +2 or higher. The ‘scum’ left over in a cleaned shower stall or coffee pot is equivalent to water hardness. Water dissolves salts which contains ions of sodium‚ magnesium‚
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two properties that help to identify unknown compounds. To find the pKa of an unknown‚ pH meters are used during titrations to measure the potential difference in a solution by measure the difference of hydrogen-ion activity in a solution and reporting the pH. The pH is then plotted against the volume of solution added which provides the titration curve of a substance. From the titration curve information can be gathered about how many protons were dissociated and the equivalence point. pH=pKa+log([H]/[OH]
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entering the laboratory. Record the experimental phenomena and data. 3) Keep the floor neat. Don’t throw anything into the water trough so as to avoid stops up. 4) After every experiment‚ the students being on duty shall take responsibility for cleaning up the laboratory‚ inspecing the switch of water and electricity‚ and closing the window. 5) write the experiment report according to the primary record and turn in. Laboratory safety regulations 1) Corrosive acids and alkali must be treated carefully
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