FEDERALISM IN MALAYSIA By: Iffa Syafiqa Introduction The existence of federalism in Malaysian history dates back in 1895 during the establishment of the Federated Malay States which are the ‘Protected States’ of Selangor‚ Negeri Sembilan‚ Pahang and Perak. Federation of Malaya then came later in 1948 with the unification of the nine Malay states and Settlements of Penang and Malacca by the British. Federal principle was described by K.C. Wheare as "the method of dividing powers so that the general
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Federalism in India Abstract India is a big country characterized by cultural‚ regional‚ linguistic and geographical diversities. Such a diverse and vast country cannot be administered and ruled from a single centre. Historically‚ though India was not a federal state‚ its various regions enjoyed adequate autonomy from central rule. Keeping in view these factors in mind‚ the Constitution makers of India opted for the federal form of government. Though‚ the Government of India Act 1935 envisaged
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changed over time because the federal government delegated certain enumerated powers while the state government reserved all the other powers by the Constitution. The constitution prohibited the national government from undertaking certain actions‚ such as imposing taxes on exports and from passing laws restraining certain things‚ like freedom of speech or religion. Most of these prohibited powers are listed in Article I‚ section 9‚ and in the first eight amendments of the constitution. The federal
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RESPONSE PAPER 1 Question Two Federalism is a basic feature of the Constitution as held by the Supreme Court in S.R. Bommai vs. Union of India (1994) case. It tested for the first time the presidential notification under Article 356 on the touchstone of the basic structure doctrine. Earlier‚ only constitutional amendments were put to such a test. The Supreme Court has accepted among such decisions that India is a quasi-federal state because the Union has been given many overriding powers over
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This essay will outline the issues discussed during the ‘Policy Roundtable on Federalism’ hosted by the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia (ASSA) and the Institute of Public Administration Australia (IPAA) on the 17–18 May 2007 and will explore their impact on federalism and provide possible steps to overcome them. The Roundtable discussion made it apparent that Australian federalism is dysfunctional and needed shaping up. The reasons included a combination of external and internal factors and
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get their funds from the federal and state governments. Pressure from the states for more authority over these programs has grown. Some think that if the states had more control over these programs that the states will create new welfare experiments that may find new ways to use their own resources to help the growing amount of low-income families. Others think that the states money problems will create cuts in benefits and services from welfare‚ as each state tries to keep from attracting new
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admissible in a criminal trial‚ known as the exclusionary rule. Any evidence derived from illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible (fruit of the poisonous tree). In determining if a search or seizure is reasonable‚ the individual’s interest in privacy and security are weighed against society’s interest in conducting the search or seizure. (Two-hour surgery to remove a bullet ruled unreasonable; taking blood from DWI suspect ruled reasonable) Search Action by government that violates a person’s
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Tingzi Zhang Ms. Crouse U.S Government Oct. 27 Federalism is a political system in which power is divided and shared between the national government and the states. There are four types of federalism -- Dual Federalism‚ Cooperative Federalism‚ Regulated Federalism and New Federalism. Dual Federalism‚ from 1789 to 1865‚ divides nation power into two parts delegated to state governments and federal government accordingly. In agreement‚ they were not at liberty to interfere with each other. Politicians
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Federalism‚ by definition‚ is the division of government authority between at least two levels of government. In the United States‚ authority is divided between the state and national government. "Advocates of a strong federal system believe that the state and local governments do not have the sophistication to deal with the major problems facing the country" (Encarta.com). Even before the Constitution was ratified‚ strong argument were made by Alexander Hamilton‚ John Jay‚ and James Madison in
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widely held values and beliefs regarding government in a given society. The components are Majority Rights‚ Minority Rights‚ Limited Government‚ Diversity‚ Individualism‚ and Equality of Opportunity. What is the importance of Public Opinion and how is it
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