|Passive |Nurture | | |changes that are shaped by | | | |[pic] [pic] |reinforcement and punishment. | | | |Social Cognitive theory |People learn from models; what |Active |Nurture | |
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cashed in for primary reinforcement rewards later in time. Token programmes are successful within an institutional setting. Ayllon and Azrin were instrumental in this form of behaviour management within a long term clinical setting “An attempt was made to strengthen behaviors of psychotics by applying operant reinforcement principles in a mental hospital ward. The behaviors studied were necessary and/or useful for the patient to function in the hospital environment. Reinforcement consisted of the
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HANDBOOK ON REINFORCEMENT AND DETNLING MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR 8HAH 2AFAR MARG NEW DELHI110 002 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS SP 34 : 1987 FIRST PUBLISHED AUGUST 1987 FIRST REPRINT DECEMBER 1992 SECOND REPRINT NOVEMBER 1995 THIRD REPRINT DECEMBER 1996 FOURTH REPRINT JULY 1997 FIFTH REPRINT MARCH 1999 0 BUREAU OF INDIAN STAND.4RDS UDC 666.982.24(021) ISBN 81-7061-006-O PRICE Rs.600.00 PRINTED IN INDIA AT NUTAN PRINTERS‚ F-89/12‚ OKHLA INDUSTRIAL AREA‚ PHASE-I‚ NEW DELHI-110020
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Psych Notes *A person is an information unit Receptors (sensory) receive information and relay it to interneurons (between neurons) that process info. Person transmits info through effectors. Basic effectors are hormonal secretions and movement. *Receptors (receive) Interneurons (process) Effectors (transmit) *A person is a computer made out of meat. Behaviorism- you learn to be the person you are‚ persons are products of learning. Conditioning processes- (learning) molded‚ modified
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further injury and addressing current issues) Mobility: (3) List three nursing interventions aimed at preventing immobility related issues while in the acute care setting. 1. Never pull on the affected extremity when moving patient. 2. Encourage continuous shoulder movement‚ elevation of the arm above the heart‚ and regular fist clenching exercises. 3. Encourage active and passive ROM to improve and maintain muscle tone. Safety: (3) List three safety interventions aimed at protecting the patient
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Unconditioned Stimulus? unconditioned stimulus (US) is one that unconditionally‚ naturally‚ and automatically triggers a response. For example‚ when you smell one of your favorite foods‚ you may immediately feel very hungry. In this example‚ the smell of the food is the unconditioned stimulus. Some more examples of the unconditioned stimulus include: * A feather tickling your nose causes you to sneeze. The feather tickling your nose is the unconditioned stimulus. * Pollen from grass and
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BASIC PROCESS OF LEARNING The term learning is used in various ways by different psychologist to refer to the wide variety of phenomena. Learning is any process through which experience at one time can alter an individual’s behavior at a future time. The Behavioral perspective on LEARNING: acquiring ne responses to and for stimuli * Behaviorism is the attempt to understand behavior in terms of relationship between observable stimuli and observable response. * 2 separate learning processes
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are the result of reinforcement. Operant conditioning functions under the idea that for each action there is a reaction‚ those reactions are the reinforcements that increase or decrease behavior. There are four types of operant conditioning‚ positive reinforcement‚ negative reinforcement‚ punishment‚ and extinction. Using and understanding these makes it possible to control behaviors‚ to increase a desired behavior or decrease an undesired one. Positive and negative reinforcements both work to increase
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Behavior Therapies Jerry Ibarra August 21‚ 2013 Grand Canyon University I. Theory: Behavior Therapy (Murdock‚ 2013) a. Key Concepts i. Classical Conditioning Model ii. Operant Conditioning Model iii. Observational Learning. iv. Principles of Behavioral Therapy 1. Behavior is strengthened or weaken by its consequences‚ whether publicly or privately 2. Rewarded behavior is increased and punished behavior is decreased
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Learning & Memory 1. Learning Learning = relatively permanent change in behaviour due to experience 1. Learning • Definition implies learning takes place when there is change in behaviour • But changes in behaviour do not always mean learning has taken place • If we look at the definition the changes has to be permanent • This means it has to be long lasting as a result of experience • Most human behaviour is learned behaviour • We will discuss 3 types of
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