Chemistry Notes Cracking: * 2 types of Cracking; Catalytic cracking and Steam/thermal cracking. * Catalytic cracking‚ using a catalyst called Zeolite (Aluminosilicate)‚ 500 degrees C‚ in the absence of air and at pressures just above atmospheric * Thermal cracking is done without a catalyst; steam is passed through very hot metal tubes at 700-1000 degrees C at just above atmospheric pressure. * This is used to break down longer chains of unsalable hydrocarbons into smaller salable
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4.02 chemistry notes Law of Conservation of Mass One of the most important principles of chemistry is the law of conservation of mass. This law states that matter is neither created nor destroyed during an ordinary chemical reaction. In other words‚ all of the atoms that were present at the beginning of a reaction are present at the end of the reaction—they have just been rearranged to bond differently and form new substances. It is important that chemical equations represent this law by always
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Revision checklist for IGCSE Chemistry 0620 A guide for Students Revision checklist for IGCSE Chemistry 0620 A guide for students How to use this guide The guide describes what you need to know about your IGSCE Chemistry examination. It will help you to plan your revision programme for the theory examinations and will explain what the examiners are looking for in the answers you write. It can also be used to help you to revise by using tick boxes in Section 3‚ ‘What you need to know’‚ to check
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Four elements‚ hydrogen‚ carbon‚ oxygen and nitrogen‚ are the major components of most organic compounds. Consequently‚ our understanding of organic chemistry must have‚ as a foundation‚ an appreciation of the electronic structure and properties of these elements. The truncated periodic table shown above provides the orbital electronic structure for the first eighteen elements (hydrogen through argon). According to the Aufbau principle‚ the electrons of an atom occupy quantum levels or orbitals starting
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filtering the sand and salt solution. The salt solution passed through the filter and the insoluble sand stays behind in the filter paper. Pure salt can then be recovered by evaporating the water from the salt solution. Web Link: Doc Brown’s Chemistry Clinic; http://www.wpbschoolhouse.btinternet.co.uk/page01/ElCpdMix/EleCmdMix.htm [pic] Examples of some compounds: |Cartoon picture |Chemical compound |Elements present |Number of
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I) INTRODUCTION * Industrial Chemistry deals with the preparation of products from raw materials through the agency of chemical change * Chemistry is important to Industry by: * Regulating manufacturing processes * Quality Control * Research and Development * Sources of raw materials from the natural environment 1) Lithosphere –Earth’s Crust 2) Hydrosphere – Marine and Oceanic Environment 3) Atmosphere – Air 4) Plants – Biosphere * Classification of Natural
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Science Revision Notes Chemistry Atoms are the smallest particle of a particular element. Molecules are particles that contain 2 or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds. Elements are substances that are made up of only one type of atom. Compounds are substances form when two or more elements are joined chemically. Metals are solid at room temperature‚ with the exception of mercury. Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat. Metals can usually be melted at high temperatures. Non-metals
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Honors Chemistry Notes Unit 1 • Matter- Anything that has mass and volume and anything that has the property of inertia. -Quantitative. -Can be solid‚ liquid‚ gas. • Inertia- Ability to resist changes in its motion. -Change in motion could be terms of speed or distance. -A car that moves after it has stopped. • Mass- The amount of matter in an object. -The balances that you use in laboratory measure mass‚ not weight. -SI unit is kilogram (kg). • Conservation of Mass- The law states that
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4 = 6.9/ 7 * The atomic mass is the mean of all the isotopes of Lithium in nature; round the number * Isotopes of a specific element have a varying number of neutrons * The number of neutrons do not affect the chemistry because they are not electrically active; neutral * Mendeleev organized the elements according to their atomic mass but today we organized them according to their atomic number * Staircase line separates the metals from the non-metals
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Year 11 Module 1 – The Chemical Earth The Earth is made up of a large number of different substances: elements‚ compounds & mixtures We can classify elements & compounds as pure substances. These are always HOMOGENEOUS. Mixtures are not pure substances and can be either homogeneous or HETEROGENEOUS. Pure substances have a fixed composition eg copper metal‚ sulfur‚ carbon dioxide (CO2)‚ methane (CH4). Mixtures have variable composition and can also be separated into its components relatively
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