nuclear envelope‚ which protects the genetic material. Without organelles (only ribosomes) Presence of membrane-bound organelles Smaller in size Types: plant and animal ANIMAL CELLS PLANT CELLS Cell walls absent Cell walls made of cellulose Chloroplast never present Chloroplast present Centrioles present Centrioles absent Variety of shapes Regular shapes Small vacuoles throughout the cytoplasm Often one large central vacuole Nucleus anywhere but often in the centre Nucleus
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DNA is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane. A Prokaryotic cell is smaller compared to a Eukaryotic cell‚ the average size is 1- 10 micrometers in diameter. The cell wall of this particular cell is a lot more complex it is made up of murein‚ not cellulose. Just like in size this cell has ribosomes but they’re smaller than a Eukaryotic would have. Due to the nature of this type of cell‚ a Prokaryotic cell is much more simple‚ making this cell found in less complex organisms. Prokaryotic are basically
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Food Science Study Guide Food Science- the discipline in which biology‚ physical sciences‚ and engineering are used to study the nature of foods‚ the causes of their deterioration‚ and the principles underlying food processing Food Technology- the application of food science to the selection‚ preservation‚ processing‚ packaging‚ distribution‚ and the use of safe‚ nutritious‚ and wholesome food Aspects of Food Quality -Appearance -Size and shape -Color -Structure -Transparency
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Disaccharides 2 monosaccharides combined glucose + glucose = maltose Polysaccharides Many monosaccharides combined together to create STARCH‚ CELLULOSE and GLYCOGEN Starch (amylose-simpler diagram)- long term energy and storage Glycogen (more branched diagram) - unused glucose is turned into glycogen and stored for later use Cellulose- plant cells are made of this which is why they are rigid. Used in digestion in humans‚ cleans out colon and intestines. Proteins – building blocks
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Chapter I BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Introduction Recycling waste and used materials for some useful purpose is an effective means of conserving resources‚ of reducing waste disposal‚ and‚ often‚ of cutting cost (Spectrum‚ 2005). As human beings‚ we pollute the environment through many ways. One of the major pollutants is the waste we produce. Everyday millions of tons of trash get dumped into Earth’s landfills‚ but soon‚ those landfills will be full and we won’t have anywhere to store our waste
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1.Carbohydrates Consists of CnH2xOx • Include sugars • Classified into groups based on the number of carbon atoms per molecule. • Classes of Carbohydrates o Monosaccharides ▪ Simple sugars o Disaccharides ▪ Compound sugars o Polysaccharides ▪ Complex sugars a. Monosaccharides • Simple sugars • Contain about 3 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule o Trioses
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Abstract This work describes the extraction of caffeine from tea leaves to determine its % caffeine. The extraction process selectively dissolves one or more compounds in a mixture into an appropriate solvent. In this experiment‚ it was visible in the process wherein the components of the tea leaves were dissolved in two solvents‚ water and dichloromethane (DCM)‚ with DCM used for multiple extractions. The organic layer was evaporated and the determined % caffeine was 0.12%. Furthermore‚ the purified
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These organisms are veritable sugar factories‚ producing millions of new glucose molecules per second. Plants use much of this glucose‚ a carbohydrate‚ as an energy source to build leaves‚ flowers‚ fruits‚ and seeds. They also convert glucose to cellulose‚ the structural material used in their cell walls. Most plants produce more glucose than they use‚ however‚ and they store it in the form of starch and other carbohydrates in roots‚ stems‚ and leaves. The plants can then draw on these reserves for
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directories‚ and residential mixed paper. How to paper recycling? The process of paper recycling involves mixing used paper with water and chemicals to break it down. It is then chopped up and heated‚ which breaks it down further into strands of cellulose‚ a type of organic plant material; this resulting mixture is called pulp‚ or slurry. It is strained through screens‚ which remove any glue or plastic that may still be in the mixture then cleaned‚ de-inked‚ bleached‚ and
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concentrations will lower the free energy (water potential); termed osmotic potential (ψs) 2) turgor pressure (ψp) in plant cell- positive pressure inside plant cells; increases free energy; loss of turgor = wilting 3) surfaces of macromolecules (e.g. cellulose) exerts an attractiveforce on water- matric potential (ψm); lowers the free energy; usually a minor component‚ and often ignored Total water potential of a plant: Ψplant =ψs + ψp + ψm Soil water potential same components as plants‚ but with
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