ON THE ECONOMICS OF ORGANIZED CRIME By Vimal Kumar and Stergios Skaperdas Department of Economics University of California‚ Irvine Irvine‚ CA 92697 Revised: February 13‚ 2008 Prepared for inclusion in: Garoupa‚ Nuno (ed.)‚ Criminal Law and Economics ABSTRACT: The core function of organized crime is the selling of protection. Protection can be real‚ against third-party crime‚ or manufactured by the organized crime groups themselves. Mafias and gangs emerge in areas of weak state control‚ because
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Cyber Bullying Is Dangerous Ryan Patrick Halligan was a student in Vermont who committed suicide at the age of 13 after being bullied from his classmates in real life and cyber-bullying online. Ryan received instant messages while online from his schoolmates in middle school. He was constantly insulted‚ taunted and threatened. These affected him so much it prompted him to commit suicide (No Bullying‚ 2014). Cyber bullying should be taken more serious. The following paragraphs will discuss that texting
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Justice System Paper Define crime: A crime is an act committed or omitted‚ in violation of a public law‚ either forbidding or commanding it; a breach or violation of some public right or duty due to a whole community‚ considered as a community. In its social aggregate capacity‚ as distinguished from a civil injury. (Wilkins v. U. S) Crime is as also define differently by each state‚ federal law‚ and the court system. Law Dictionary: What is CRIME? definition of CRIME (Black ’s Law Dictionary) Level
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All countries have crimes and there is no way to stop crimes completely from being committed. Crimes become a problem internationally when it goes across borders. Some of the major global crimes that affect the international justice systems include: drug trafficking‚ terrorism‚ alien smuggling‚ fraud‚ extortion‚ money laundering‚ bribery‚ gangs‚ counterfeiting and cybercrime. Cybercrime is any crime that uses a computer and a network. Cybercrime can include crimes such as cyber-bullying‚ computer
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Crime is often glorified through movies and music. Crime happens in many forms and has different effects. Just about everyone in America has been exposed to some form of crime in their lifetimes‚ if not performing crimes themselves. Typically‚ crime is kept under control by processes of the law and law enforcement. Sometimes‚ however‚ crime has a tremendous effect on society and the people within it as a whole. Different types of crime can serve different purposes and functions. In the early 1900s
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to Control Cyber Data – Opinion Piece New Laws will allow authorities to collect and monitor Australian’s internet records The new law will specifically target suspected cyber criminals. It will not go as far as keeping each and every one of the Australian internet user’s internet history in the name of national security. Australian state and federal police will have the power to force Telco’s and internet service providers to keep the records of people suspected for cyber crimes. Only the records
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1306 IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS‚ VOL. 31‚ NO. 7‚ JULY 2013 Sparse Attack Construction and State Estimation in the Smart Grid: Centralized and Distributed Models Mete Ozay‚ I˜ aki Esnaola‚ Fatos T. Yarman Vural‚ Sanjeev R. Kulkarni‚ and H. Vincent Poor n Abstract—New methods that exploit sparse structures arising in smart grid networks are proposed for the state estimation problem when data injection attacks are present. First‚ construction strategies for unobservable
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INCREASING CRIMES/SUICIDES AMONG THE YOUTH OF INDIA. INCREASING CRIME RATES AMONG THE YOUTH IN INDIA. Introduction: Open any newspaper or tune into any news channel and you can be pretty sure to stumble upon crimes of all sorts ranging from petty thefts to dacoity‚ murder‚ terrorism‚ sexual crimes and the like. The statistics show that the miscreants have been found quite focused and determined at their jobs. In India for instance‚ as per the National Crime Records Bureau‚ incidences of crime since
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cities now face is crime. What are the most effective measures to tackle crime in urban areas NumWord 343 The rapid pace of urbanization is often associated with a high level of crime and violence. The greater concentration of wealthier victims (persons‚ banks‚ houses‚ etc.) makes the urban areas attractive for the criminal-prone individuals and potential offenders. The search of the most effective way to tackle crime depends on what do we prefer - to react or to prevent crime. The traditional approach
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Digital Crime Evidence and Procedures Digital TITLE: Compare and contrast the four different categorizations of computer crimes Abstract Computers are used for many different types of personal and work related activities. Getting on the Internet and researching a topic for a college paper‚ researching types of flat screen televisions and their various prices‚ or what about getting on the computer and playing games‚ or using computers to watch movies and chat with friends and family. From
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