Cyber Physical System
1306
IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 31, NO. 7, JULY 2013
Sparse Attack Construction and State
Estimation in the Smart Grid: Centralized and
Distributed Models
Mete Ozay, I˜ aki Esnaola, Fatos T. Yarman Vural, Sanjeev R. Kulkarni, and H. Vincent Poor n Abstract—New methods that exploit sparse structures arising in smart grid networks are proposed for the state estimation problem when data injection attacks are present. First, construction strategies for unobservable sparse data injection attacks on power grids are proposed for an attacker with access to all network information and nodes. Specifically, novel formulations for the optimization problem that provide a flexible design of the trade-off between performance and false alarm are proposed. In addition, the centralized case is extended to a distributed framework for both the estimation and attack problems. Different distributed scenarios are proposed depending on assumptions that lead to the spreading of the resources, network nodes and players. Consequently, for each of the presented frameworks a corresponding optimization problem is introduced jointly with an algorithm to solve it. The validity of the presented procedures in real settings is studied through extensive simulations in the
IEEE test systems.
Index Terms—Smart grid security, false data injection, distributed optimization, sparse models, attack detection.
I. I NTRODUCTION
P
OWER networks are complex systems consisting of generators and loads that are connected by transmission and distribution lines [1]. These systems can be modeled by complex networks, in which the generators and loads are represented by physically distributed nodes and power lines are represented by edges that connect the nodes. Because of the geographic and physical distribution of the nodes and the power transmission constraints [2], various structural properties of complex networks are observed in power networks
IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 31, NO. 7, JULY 2013
Sparse Attack Construction and State
Estimation in the Smart Grid: Centralized and
Distributed Models
Mete Ozay, I˜ aki Esnaola, Fatos T. Yarman Vural, Sanjeev R. Kulkarni, and H. Vincent Poor n Abstract—New methods that exploit sparse structures arising in smart grid networks are proposed for the state estimation problem when data injection attacks are present. First, construction strategies for unobservable sparse data injection attacks on power grids are proposed for an attacker with access to all network information and nodes. Specifically, novel formulations for the optimization problem that provide a flexible design of the trade-off between performance and false alarm are proposed. In addition, the centralized case is extended to a distributed framework for both the estimation and attack problems. Different distributed scenarios are proposed depending on assumptions that lead to the spreading of the resources, network nodes and players. Consequently, for each of the presented frameworks a corresponding optimization problem is introduced jointly with an algorithm to solve it. The validity of the presented procedures in real settings is studied through extensive simulations in the
IEEE test systems.
Index Terms—Smart grid security, false data injection, distributed optimization, sparse models, attack detection.
I. I NTRODUCTION
P
OWER networks are complex systems consisting of generators and loads that are connected by transmission and distribution lines [1]. These systems can be modeled by complex networks, in which the generators and loads are represented by physically distributed nodes and power lines are represented by edges that connect the nodes. Because of the geographic and physical distribution of the nodes and the power transmission constraints [2], various structural properties of complex networks are observed in power networks