An oil spill can be defined as an accidental or deliberate dumping of oil or petroleum products into the ocean and its coastal waters‚ bays‚ and harbors‚ or onto land‚ or into rivers or lakes (Holum 1977). Between one and ten million metric tons (one metric ton is 1000 kilograms) of oil are put into the oceans every year. The oil is released‚ most often‚ in small yet consistent doses from tankers‚ industry‚ or on shore waste disposal (Boesh‚ Hersher‚ et al. 1974). Tanker spills cost the United
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OIL CONSERVATION In view of the need to reduce the ever-increasing gap between demand and indigenous supply of crude oil and petroleum products the Government has accorded top priority to conservation of petroleum products. Towards this end various steps to promote conservation of petroleum products in the transport‚ industrial‚ agricultural and domestic sectors have been initiated. These include adoption of measures and practices which are conducive to increase fuel efficiency and training
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MANAGEMENT OF IOCL OWNED OPERATED RETAIL OUTLET INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Industrial training is an integral part of any management program. I feel lucky that i got the opportunity to do the training in one of the largest and most popular oil sector company‚ Indian Oil Corporation Limited. I take the opportunity to express our gratitude to all of them‚ who helped us to accomplish this challenging project in Indian Oil Corporation Limited. I wish to express my deepest sense
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Causes Poor Safety Records and Standards The Paraguana Refinery Complex was state-owned by the Petróleos de Venezuela‚ S.A. (PDVSA). PDVSA has long been criticized for their negligence in industrial safety. Since 2003‚ PDVSA has been plagued by 79 accidents which include 6 explosions and 7 fires within the refinery complex. Despite these incidents‚ no major safety measures were undertaken by the company. This makes the safety standards of PDVSA questionable. As a result‚ the negligence of safety
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to understand: What are hydrocarbons? What are their properties? What are the main products derived from crude oil and their uses Exploration milestone-an overview. INTRODUCTION: By definition petroleum is a generic name for hydrocarbons‚ including crude oil‚ natural gas liquids‚ natural gas and their products. Petroleum comes from the Latin petra meaning rock or stone & oleum meaning oil. Petroleum occurs in the earth in combination of any of the four states: gas‚ liquid‚ semisolid‚ and solid. Chemically
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quality Oils consist of a complex mixture of hydrogen and carbon which is used for fuel‚ lubrication‚ plastics manufacturing‚ and many other purposes. These petroleum products get into water mainly by means of accidental spills from ships‚ tanker trucks‚ pipelines‚ and leaky underground storage tanks Petroleum products affect surface water‚ impairing water quality with hydrocarbons‚ salts‚ nutrients‚ a host of organic compounds‚ and various heavy metals. Immediately after a spill‚ Oil slicks on
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Tarbell’s The History of the Standard Oil Company she mentions‚ "Mr. Rockefeller has systematically played with loaded dice‚ and it is doubtful if there has ever been a time ... when he has run a race with a competitor and started fair." Monopolies do not play fair with the competition John D. Rockefeller created Standard Oil’s Company in 1870. He believed the most profit from oil was found in refining it‚ not drilling. Rockefeller described the competition in oil refining as "chaotic". He then began
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Prabhar Oil Company‚ and Distribution Challenges in the Indian Lubricants Industry( Abstract A leading multination oil giant Izo is planning to increase its market foothold in India‚ but is facing several challenges on the way to catch up with its competitors. Its rivals include public sector undertakings (PSUs) such as IOC‚ HPCL and BPCL which enjoy well-established brand presence‚ and distribution network in India’s near-stagnant automotive lubricants market. Creating a wider distribution
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Three factors that influence BP oil companies operational and contingency planning include‚ unexpected oil spills. Sometimes the company may experience unexpected oil spill that will require them to change from the original plan. The second factor is natural calamities. Sometimes they cannot control things like floods‚ which can cause oil burst and affect the flow of the plan. The third factor is Man-Made calamity. These affect the plan of the company because they need to address it immediately.
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OIL AND GAS ACCOUNTING: CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THE APPLICATION OF THEORY TO PRACTICE IN NIGERIA 1.0 INTRODUCTION: The natural resources of a nation‚ particularly the minerals‚ often constitute the lion’s share of the nation’s wealth. This is particularly true of the OPEC nations including Nigeria. Prior to the development of accounting standards issued by the Nigerian Accounting Standards Board (NASB)‚ the financial statements published by the oil and gas industry in Nigeria did not disclose adequate
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