Grunig and Hunt (1984)’s four models of public relations are perhaps the most commonly used theories in the field. They are useful in that they divide a complicated subject matter into four fundamental areas which can then be separately addressed. Corporations may refer to these models in establishing their CSR efforts. For example‚ the first area (Press Agentry) deals with the activities of those who will do anything to gain publicity. Perhaps Bransonesque stunts are not appropriate for establishing
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Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jretconser A model of consumer’s retail atmosphere perceptions Steven W. Rayburn 1‚ Kevin E. Voss n Spears School of Business‚ Oklahoma State University‚ Stillwater‚ OK 74078‚ United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Available online 12 February 2013 The authors propose a new model of the effects of four perceived atmosphere constructs on hedonic and utilitarian shopping evaluations. Survey data demonstrate
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there are also four different concepts of health and they ways they are viewed. The nurse first has to determine which model the individual falls under. When the nurse understands the patient’s view of health promotion‚ only then will she be able to guide and provide education on health promotion. The Four Models of Health: The Clinical Model – Health is defined by the absence‚ and illness by the conspicuous presence‚ of signs and symptoms of disease. People who use this model may not seek preventive
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analysis I chose The Basketball Diaries written by Jim Carroll. The book was first published in the United States by Tombouctou Books in 1978‚ then published and reprinted by Penguin books in 1987. James Dennis Carroll was born on August 1‚ 1949 in New York. He was of Irish Descent and grew up on New York’s Lower East Side. In the sixth grade his brother took notice to his literary talent‚ so he encouraged him to pursue it. Apart from writing‚ Carroll was an all-star basketball player throughout his elementary
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What are the steps of Lewin ’s three step model of organizational change? Kurt Lewin‚ a noted social psychologist‚ developed the three step model of organizational change. The three steps are Unfreezing‚ Changing‚ and Refreezing. Unfreezing involves melting resistance to change by dealing with people ’s fears and anxieties so they can be more open to the change. People are given new information that makes them aware that the status quo is unacceptable and that some type of change is required
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Juvenile Justice Professor Wims January 7‚ 2012 The four basic Correctional Models in the Juvenile Justice There are four juvenile correctional models. First‚ there is the Treatment Model which is based upon the Parens Patraie belief that the state acts as the guardian of a juvenile. The juvenile court examines the youth to better understand the juvenile’s existing problems. After that an expert will diagnose and develop a treatment program for that specific juvenile. Once the specific
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Food is a necessary function for human survival‚ but does it also serve a deeper purpose than this? Authors Lewis Carroll and Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm use food as a symbol of power‚ or lack thereof‚ and identify the ways in which our temptations can lead us into trouble. Alice‚ Snow White‚ and Hansel and Gretel all find themselves in situations where they are forced to be independent for what is likely one of the first times in each of their lives. In this happening‚ they discover a need for power
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The following paper outlines the comparison and contrast of four leadership models and theories. The purpose of this paper is to acquaint readers with the basic concepts underlying each model and theory. A review of the scholarly studies on leadership shows that there is a wide variety of different theoretical approaches to explain the complexities of the leadership process (e.g.‚ Bass‚ 1990; Bryman‚ 1992; Gardner‚ 1990; Hickman 1998; Rost‚ 1991). Some researchers conceptualize as a trait‚ or as
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Brigham Young University] at 09:45 22 February 2013 Application of the SMART Model in Two Successful Social Marketing Projects Brad 1. Neiger and Rosemary Thackeray ABSTRACT Social marketing is best viewed as a systematic‚ consumer-based planning approach. The Social Marketing and Response Tool (SMART)‚ one such approach‚ was recently used in two successful social marketing projects. This article describes how the SMART model was used in these projects and presents a planning protocol for health educators
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Topic: What is Dunlop’s model & Tripartite Gum model used in Singapore? Dunlop’s Model • An analytical framework for studying employment relations which comprises of three participants: o Government and its Agencies o Management and its Representatives o Workers and their Union • This tripartite relation also depends on the environment which includes: o Technology advancement o Market condition (including budget constraints) o Distribution of power in society
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