Integrative Case 3.1: Corporate Strategy at Cardinal Health Discussion question 1: What are the benefits and costs of Cardinal Health’s product-related diversification strategy? Firstly‚ Walter started implementing its product-related strategy on time‚ in 1996‚ when FoxMeyer went bankrupt. If‚ the company was not diversified and dependent only on one product division‚ it might have ended up as FoxMeyer. Also‚ the drug distribution division has been forced to lower its prices by health care providers
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sounds: sounds produced by the vocal tract. (Tract: a system of organs and tissues that together perform a specialized function) 1.2 Vowels and consonants Vowels: sounds produced without an obstruction to the air flow/ air stream as it passes from the larynx to the lips. Ex: / ɑ: ‚ i: ‚ u: ‚ O ‚ ɜ: ‚ 1 ‚ ʊ ‚ ɒ ‚ ʌ ‚ e ‚ æ ‚ ǝ / => 20 vowels = 12 pure vowels + 8 diphthongs Consonants: sounds produced with an obstruction to the airflow or with audible friction. Ex: / d b f g h j k l m n
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AMIRAH BATRISYIA BINTI HAMDAN 930123-04-5016 1PISMP TESL (2) TOPIC 1 QUESTION 1: DISCUSS THE ORIGINS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN BRITAIN AND THE EVENTS THAT BROUGHT ABOUT THE STANDARDIZATION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUGAE DURING THE EARLY ENGLISH MODERN AGE (1500-1800) Origins of English Language The English language belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European family of languages. The closest undoubted living relatives of English are Scots and Frisian. Frisian is a language spoken by
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------------------------------------------------- Background Scottish English results from language contact between Scots and the Standard English of England after the 17th century. The resulting shifts to English usage by Scots-speakers resulted in many phonological compromises and lexical transfers‚ often mistaken for mergers by linguists unfamiliar with the history of Scottish English. Furthermore‚ the process was also influenced by interdialectal forms‚ hypercorrections and spelling pronunciations
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Australian English" in Collins‚ P. & Blair‚ D. (eds) Australian English: The Language of a New Society‚ Univ. Queensland Press. Cox‚ F. M. (1996) An acoustic study of vowel variation in Australian English‚ Unpublished doctoral dissertation‚ Macquarie University. Cox‚ F. M. (2006) "The acoustic characteristics of /hVd/ Vowels in the Speech of some Australian teenagers "‚ Australian Journal of Linguistics‚ 26‚ 147-179. Cox‚ F. M. (2006) "Australian English Pronunciation into the 21st Century" Prospect:
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and/or less loud sound". In the monosyllable (one-syllable word) cat /kæt/‚ the vowel /æ/ is the "centre" at which little obstruction takes place‚ whereas we have complete obstruction to the airflow for the surrounding plosives /k/ and /t/. Phonological Definition Laver (1994‚ p. 114) defines the phonological syllable as "a complex unit made up of nuclear and marginal elements". Nuclear elements are the vowels or syllabic segments; marginal elements are the consonants or non-syllabic segments
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way sounds‚ stress‚ rhythm and intonation are used in the given language community. 2) see stress. Accommodation - modifications of consonants under the influence of the neighbouring vowels and vice versa. Acoustic Phonetics – science which deals with the physical property of sounds. Affricates - noise consonants produced with a complete obstruction which is slowly released and the air stream escapes from the mouth with some friction
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Code switching: - Definition: The practice of oscillate between two languages or between two dialects or registers of the same language. Code switching (CS) occurs far more often in conversation than in writing. According to Numan and carter the term defined as "a phenomenon of switching from one language to another in the same discourse. Trudgill‚"speakers switch to manipulate or influence or define the situation as they wish and to convey nuances of meaning and personal intention". Kinds
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The phonetics of English language Chapter 1.The production of speech Phonetics may be considered the grammar of pronunciation. Phonetic system of English consists of the following four components: speech sounds‚ the syllabic structure of words‚ word stress‚ and intonation (prosody). These four components what is called pronunciation of English. In any language people speak using their organs of speech. All the organs of speech can be divided into two groups: Active organs of speech- are
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syllable has a vowel. It might also have one or more consonants before the vowel and one or more consonants after it. • A syllable can also have a syllabic consonant instead of a vowel. A syllabic consonant is a consonant that is stretched out and acts as a vowel. For example‚ the last syllable in button [b "/n] or middle [mId.`l ] is usually ! . ` pronounced as a syllabic consonant. Back Next Thursday‚ March 1‚ 12 For example... • Eye has one syllable (just one vowel sound: /ay/) •
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