Synthesis of Butyl Benzoate Using Phase Transfer Catalysis The objective of the experiment is to synthesize the butly benzoate by nucleophilic substitution and characterize it by IR spectroscopy. The percent yield of the final product is determined after the synthesis. Procedures: 2.0 mL of 1-bromobutane‚ 3.0 g of sodium benzoate‚ 5.0 mL of water‚ 4 drops of Aliquat 336‚ and a boiling stone were placed in a 50mL round-bottomed flask. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 hour and the flask
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CHM 3411 – Problem Set 6 Due date: Wednesday‚ March 23rd. Do all of the following problems. Show your work. 1) Consider the cyclic molecule C8H8‚ the eight carbon analogue to benzene. a) Write the secular detrerminant corresponding to the pi-bonding in C8H8. b) Using the secular determinant‚ the following energies are found for the pi-bonding molecular orbitals: 1 = + 2 2 = + 1.41 (two states) 3 = (two states) 4 = - 1.41 (two states) 5 = - 2 Give the electron
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Protein Essay- Erin Keegan What are proteins? A polypeptide is a chain of monomers joined up to make a polymer. Proteins are organic polypeptides made up of a chain of amino acid residues- they’re residues because they lose a water molecule. The amino acids (monomers) join up by forming peptide bonds. When two amino acids join together‚ they become a dipeptide. This happens when the carboxyl group of an amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid link up through a condensation reaction (which
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Objective: To find out the food substance in food sample X‚Y and Z. Biological Principle: Test for lipids using the grease spot test Test for glucose using Clinistix paper Test for reducing sugars using Benedict’s test Test for starch using the iodine test Test for proteins using Albustix paper Test for vitamin C using DCPIP solution A control using distilled water instead of the sample should be included. Independent: different types of food samples Dependent: different types of food
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muscle fibres (which are also known as myofibrils‚ as can be seen below). Each of the muscle fibres contain many sarcomeres‚ which is the most basic form of striated muscle tissue- they consist of two long proteins which slide against each other in order to make the muscles move. These two proteins are known as actin and myosin. To control these skeletal muscles‚ the brain uses motor neurons (nerves that carry signals to the muscles‚ skin and glands).
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A streak culture was performed on a Tryptic Soy Agar Plate for isolation and purity and then incubated at 37 degrees Celsius for 24 hours. A gram stain was performed to determine whether the bacterium was a gram negative or a gram positive. After performing the gram stain‚ I concluded that by the appearance of purple spherical clusters resembling grapes that is was a gram positive cocci. A Catalase test was then performed using hydrogen peroxide. A positive catalase test was observed
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with discretion; opt for carbohydrates with a low glycemic index (GI). GI is the property of a carbohydrate to be converted into blood sugar. A low GI indicates that a carbohydrate takes longer to be converted to sugar‚ thus implying that it is contains insoluble fiber that is tougher to break down (that’s good news‚ intestines need some exercise too). While consuming carbohydrates‚ watch out for the glycemic load (GL) too. Glycemic load accounts for how much carbohydrate is in the food‚ and how much
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benzoic acid and pure mandelic acid. Determine the eutectic composition and eutectic temperature of benzoic acid-mandelic acid mixtures. Indentify an unknown compound using mixture melting points. Introduction Energy is needed to be applied to a solid compound in order to changes its state point of a compound. The actual purpose of the experiment is to determine the measurement and the melting points of the benzoic and mandelic acid and various mixtures of mandalic and benzoic acid‚ and an unknown
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INTRODUCTION: Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group‚ -COOH. This acid acts as a weak acid‚ which can react with a strong base. Carboxylic acids form hydrogen bonds with many water molecules and are more soluble with one to four carbon atoms. Also‚ it may have an R group that consist of hydrogen or an alkyl group that changes its water solubility. Carboxylic acids with low molecular weight have odor at room temperature and higher molecular weight
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Ph Lab Report Bryon Kim 123013 B(2) Biology Background information/Research PH paper (litmus paper) determines how acidic or how basic a substance is. The paper changes color accordingly to color code on the pH scale. The pH scale starts from 0 to 14. The lower the number the more acidic it is. Zero is the most acidic‚ and 14 is the most basic while 7 is the neutral number for example water. Examples of an acid is lemon juice or multi purpose cleaner. Examples of a basic substance is shampoo or liquid soap
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