= 4.5. Therefore 4.5 mL of NaOH was needed to neutralize HCl. Table 3: The amount of NaOH (mL) needed to neutralize HCl in Condition 1‚ 2 ‚ and 3 and their 3 trials. Trial 1 (mL) Trial 2 (mL) Trial 3 (mL) Condition 1 4.5 4.0 4.0 Condition 2 8.0 8.0 9.0 Condition 3 9.5 9.0 9.5 2. Sample Average Calculation of Condition 1: Table 4: The average volume (mL) of HCl & NaOH in each Condition Average Volume of HCl & NaOH Condition 1 9.2 Condition 2 16.5 Condition 3
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Investigation into How the Concentration of a Reactant Can Affect the Rate of Reaction Aim To plan an investigation that allows me to measure the effect of increasing the concentration of a reactant on the rate of reaction. With the results generated‚ it is also hoped to draw accurate conclusions and explain the results using scientific knowledge. Introduction Some reactions are fast‚ for example neutralisation or burning magnesium in air to produce magnesium oxide. However‚ other reactions
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alkyl halides can be performed from a variety of starting materials and specific mechanisms: from alkenes by addition‚ from alkanes by substitution‚ and from alcohols via nucleophilic substitution. The reaction of alcohols with hydrogen halides‚ like HCl‚ HBr‚ and HI‚ would result to their corresponding alkyl halides and water. The formation of alkyl halides has different mechanisms‚ depending on the alcohol used for the synthesis. Tertiary alcohols react with hydrogen halides faster compared to the
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Experiment No. ___________________ Date ___________________ NEUTRALIZATION TITRATIONS INTRODUCTION The neutralization of hydronium or hydroxide ion to form water is widely used as the basis for volumetric determinations of acids‚ bases and salts of weak acids. The reaction is characterized by a rapid change in pH near the equivalence point‚ a change that is readily detected by an acid-base indicator or that can be followed electrically by use of a pH meter. Neutralization titrations
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concentration of HCl when titrated with a standardized NaOH solution‚ through means of the titration method. My hypothesis is When an unknown concentration of HCl is titrated with a known volume of standardized NaOH solution‚ one can gather enough data to determine the concentration of the unknown (HCl). My prediction is If an unknown concentration of HCl is titrated with a known volume of NaOH‚ then one can gather enough data to determine the concentration of the unknown which is HCl. Procedure Standardization
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Lab Report: Titration Lab Prepare a solution of a given concentration; understand titration including acid-base reactions‚ pH‚ stoichiometry and molar equivalence. Chemicals and equipment: NaOH pellets close to purity‚ HCl 3M‚ phenolphtalein Beckers‚ flasks‚ burette‚ magnetic or manual stir pHmeter Waste management: The waste disposal will be handled through neutralization of your excess reactant to a pH between 4.0 and 10.0 and disposal with abundant rinsing. As a preparation for the
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acid. Equivalent weight is determined by the pairing the unknown’s acidic hydrogens (H+) with known quantities of hydroxyl ions (OH-) through the process of titration. Before beginning a titration of the unknown acid‚ several practice titrations of HCl (hydrochloric acid) with a known
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Thermochemistry Lab Purpose: This lab taught procedures for determining heat of capacity of a calorimeter and measuring enthalpy of change for three reactions. It also enforced methods of analyzing data obtained through experimentation and calculating enthalpy. These procedures are used in the branch of thermodynamics known as thermochemistry which is the study of energy changes that accompany chemical reactions. Concepts from this lab can be used to determine the potential energy of a chemical
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Introduction: A balanced chemical equation has reactants and product that has to represent a formulae. The amount of each element‚ number needs to be the same in either side of the equation. (E.g.‚ HCl(aq)+NaHCO3(s) reacts to produce NaCl(aq)+H2O(I)+CO2(g)‚ this is the equation given for this lab). This help us view the study of Law of Conservation of Mass‚ when either side of equation is equally balanced. The calculation for formula mass helps determine if you need to convert grams to a particular
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INTRODUCTION: Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group‚ -COOH. This acid acts as a weak acid‚ which can react with a strong base. Carboxylic acids form hydrogen bonds with many water molecules and are more soluble with one to four carbon atoms. Also‚ it may have an R group that consist of hydrogen or an alkyl group that changes its water solubility. Carboxylic acids with low molecular weight have odor at room temperature and higher molecular weight
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