heated. Oil‚ fat‚ and water were subjected into a saponification test using NaOH‚ and acidification using concentrated H2SO4. And lastly‚ oil‚ fat and glycerol were subjected into an unsaturation test by adding dichloromethane‚ and was added with a 5% Bromine-dichloromethane solution‚ the total volume of the 5% Br-DCM solution was then obtained. Keywords: Lipids‚ Saponification 1. Introduction Lipids are a group of the essential biomolecules in which are generally characterized by their
Premium Fat Ester Saponification
Write your name here Surname Other names Edexcel Certificate Edexcel International GCSE Centre Number Candidate Number Chemistry Unit: KCH0/4CH0 Science (Double Award) KSC0/4SC0 Paper: 1C Monday 14 January 2013 – Morning Time: 2 hours Paper Reference KCH0/1C 4CH0/1C KSC0/1C 4SC0/1C You must have: Calculator Ruler Total Marks Instructions Use black ink or ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name‚ centre number and candidate
Premium Chemical reaction Sulfuric acid Oxygen
experiment all take place by way of an SN1 reaction. All of the reactions proceed with the same mechanism. SN1 reactions occur under solvolysis conditions‚ where the solvent serves as the nucleophile. The slow‚ rate-determining step occurs as the bromine leaves the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane‚ forming a 3◦ carbocation. The water‚ which acts as the nucleophile and the solvent‚ attaches to the carbocation at the central carbon. Another water molecule then removes a
Premium Solvent Alcohol
Procedure: Procedure listed in handout "Organic Chemistry Experiment -- Hydrocarbons" Hazards: Open flame and hydrocarbons are flammable. Equations: 1. . 3. . 4. . 5. . Unknown #: 1B s-6 Hyd-3 (colorless liquid) Data/Observations: Test Bromine addition Alkane Mixture of hexane and dichloromethane was originally clear liquid. After adding 3 drops red color Br2/CH2Cl 2 the solution turned orange. Orange color held. Alkene Alkene used was pentene. Originally clear liquid. After addition‚ solution
Premium Alkene Hydrocarbon Chemistry
following are examples of heteronuclear diatomic molecules with covalent bonding: Let us look at HBr‚ for example. Hydrogen is on the left side of the stairs that divide metals and nonmetals in the periodic table‚ but ‘’hydrogen is a nonmetal’’. Bromine (Br) is also a nonmetal‚ so HBr is a heteronuclear diatomic molecule with a covalent bond. !!!Lesson Summary __Diatomic molecules__ consist of two atoms that are either from the same element‚ or from different elements. If the diatomic molecule
Premium Sedimentary rock Molecule Oxygen
OCR B (Salters) AS level Chemistry UNIT 2 – F332 Elements from the sea Halogens and Halides (group 7 chemistry) * Halogen is the elemental molecule‚ eg/ Cl₂‚ Br₂ * Halide is in a compound‚ eg/ KBr‚ KCl | Fluorine | Chlorine | Bromine | Iodine | Appearance at room temp | Pale yellow gas | Green gas | Dark red volatile liquid | Shiny black solid – sublimes to purple gas | Halide | Colour precipitate with silver nitrate | KCl | White | KBr | Cream | KI | Pale Yellow |
Premium Chemistry Chlorine Electronegativity
acid in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The hydrochloric acid serves as a catalyst of the reaction. The properties of two acids are then compared. Chemicals Maleic acid‚ magnesium ribbon‚ sodium carbonate‚ concentrated hydrochloric acid‚ bromine water‚ pH paper Apparatus 100cm3 and 250cm3 beakers‚ watch glass‚ apparatus for suction filtration (Büchner funnel and filter flask)‚ melting point apparatus‚ 25 cm3 measuring cylinder Procedures A Conversion of maleic acid to fumaric acid
Premium Chlorine Water Acid
orbitals in hydrogen then overlap with the sp2 orbitals in carbon to form C-H bonds. . The general formula for an alkene is CnH2n. It is possible to test for the presence of an alkene with the use of bromine water. When an alkene is mixed with bromine water‚ the alkene will de-colourise the bromine water. Primary Alcohol Alcohols are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by an –OH group. For example: Ethanol - CH3 – CH2 – OH The class of the alcohol
Premium Alcohol Functional group Carboxylic acid
* Daily Life Applications * Fluorine * Introduction * Properties And Uses Of Fluorine * Fluoridation Of Water * Chlorofluorocarbons * Chlorine * Introduction * Uses Of Chlorine * Chlorine And Organic Compounds * Bromine * Introduction * Halogen Lamps * Iodine * Introduction * Uses And Applications * Astatine * Introduction * Uses And Applications Introduction & daily life applications of halogens INTRODUCTION: * Table salt
Premium Chlorine
alkyl halides‚ which are able to undergo chemical transformations more readily than the carbon-carbon double bond‚ onto the trans-stilbene the addition process of halogenation in needed. The typical reagents that are used‚ such as elemental bromine and liquid bromine‚ are dangerous and highly corrosive‚ so this experiment used an alternative method of bromination.
Premium Oxygen Hydrogen Chemistry