CHEMISTRY OF HYDROCARBON EXPERIMENT 16 OBJECTIVE The objective of this experiment is to distinguish the difference between various types of hydrocarbons by performing simple tests and reactions involving hydrocarbons. EQUIPMENT AND CHEMICALS Pentene Toluene Heptane Potassium permanganate (1% KMnO4) Aluminum chloride (anhydrous AlCl3) Chloroform (CHCl3) Ligroin Br2 in CCl4 (5%) Stopper pH paper Small test tubes and rack Graduated cylinder (10 ml) Evaporating dish DISCUSSION
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Anions I had to go through a series of tests to find out which Anion was present. From all the tests I found out that the test for bromine halide worked and the test for sulphate also worked. Conclusion In conclusion I found out that the ions present in my sample where sodium‚ sulphate and bromine. The Cation was sodium and the Anions where sulphur and bromine this means that my sample was sodium sulphate or sodium bromide. Evaluation My experiment went very well but if I could redo this
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Analysis of Hydrocarbons Jessa Grace B. Castillo* and Stephanie Chua Department of Chemistry‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines ______________________________________________ Hydrocarbons are organic compounds containing only hydrogen and carbons and further divided in major types. Hydrocarbons react differently in reagents. The basis of determining an unknown hydrocarbon is due to the differences in reactions of hydrocarbons. An unknown compound is determined using tests.
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BroIn this experiment of the relative rates of free-radical chain bromination‚ we were expected to be able to determine the relative reactivates of the many types of hydrogen atoms involved toward bromine atoms. Bromination is defined to be a regioselective reaction meaning bromine has preference of making or breaking a bond over all other directions that it may have had available. In this case‚ Markovnikov’s rule is revealed to be the case in this situation that states that adding a protic acid
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Psychology‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract Four organic samples: hexane‚ cyclohexene‚ napthalene and toulene were given to serve as reference standards to characterize and distinguish four unknown given samples. Nitration‚ bromine and basic oxidation testswere conducted to classify the different samples from being an aliphatic‚ or aromatic‚ saturated or unsaturated and alkylated or non-alkylated hydrocarbons. The physical state and color were noted by simple physical observation
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Preparation of 4-bromoaniline Introduction Aromatic compounds tend to undergo electrophilic aromatic substitutions rather than addition reactions. Substitution of a new group for a hydrogen atom takes place via a resonance-stabilized carbocation. As the benzene ring is quite electron-rich‚ it almost always behaves as a nucleophile in a reaction which means the substitution on benzene occurs by the addition of an electrophile. Substituted benzenes tend to react at predictable positions. Alkyl groups
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place during this reaction. Introduction: One of the common ways of preparing an alkene is through the dehydration of an alcohol. In this experiment cyclohexanol is dehydrated to prepare cyclohexene while using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. A bromine test can be later done to ensure that the end product is an alkene. Procedure: The procedure given on pages 24-25 in the CH102 Lab Manual 2012 was followed with a few modifications as follows. Steps 6 and 7 were interchanged‚ that is‚ first 10cm³
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The purpose of the lab “All in the Family” was to compare the reactivity of the halogens Chlorine‚ Bromine‚ and iodine by observing the reactions between their elemental forms and their ionic forms. To accomplish this experiment‚ we first added a squirt of pet ether to two test tubes. Then‚ we added the same amount of Cl2 to both of the tubes‚ shook the mixtures‚ and recorded the color that resided in each mixture as the initial color. After‚ a squirt of NaBr was added to one test tube‚ and a squirt
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halogen element Any of the six nonmetallic elements that constitute Group 17 (Group VIIa) of the periodic table. The halogen elements are fluorine (F)‚ chlorine (Cl)‚ bromine (Br)‚ iodine (I)‚ astatine (At)‚ and element 117 (temporarily named ununseptium [Uus]). They were given the name halogen‚ from the Greek roots hal- (“salt”) and -gen (“to produce”)‚ because they all produce sodium salts of similar properties‚ of which sodium chloride—table salt‚ or halite—is best known. Because of their great
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Grouping elements with similar chemical properties together Date: 4.10.2012 Objectives The objective of this experiment is to experimentally investigate which elements show similar chemical properties. Chemical principle Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20. Calcium is a dull gray‚ silver solid under standard conditions. Calcium atoms have an electron configuration of (2‚ 8‚ 8‚ 2) and 2 outermost shell electrons. Calcium is in group 2 and period 4 of the
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