The purpose of the experiment was to perform an electrophilic addition reaction by the bromination of cinnamic acid. The product of this reaction is 3-Phenyl-2‚3-dibromo propionic acid‚ which is purified by recrystallization. Cinnamic acid (3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid) is an unsaturated carboxylic acid. The electron rich π cloud (see Figure 1) in the double bond of this structure is nucleophilic and can be considered a Lewis base. It can therefore be saturated by the addition of a halogen to the double
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The Synthesis of Alkenes: The Dehydration of Cyclohexanol Adam Ohnmacht CHEM 0330 Scott Caplan 10/30/12 Abstract: In Organic Chemistry‚ many different methods are used to synthesize organic compounds from various components. In this lab‚ cyclohexanol was dehydrated to cyclohexene through an elimination reaction. In order to separate the cyclohexene product from the cyclohexanol starting component‚ previously learned lab techniques such as extractions and simple distillation were used.
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Bromination of trans- Stilbene to form 1‚2- Dibromo- 1‚2-diphenylethane Abstract 1‚2-dibromo-1‚2-diphenylethane was produced by the bromination of trans-stilbene through the addition of hydrobromic acid (HBr) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This experiment was a greener bromination of stilbene because bromine was generated in situ and ethanol was used as the solvent. The melting point (243.30°C)‚ mass (.427g)‚ and percent yield (45.54) of the crystals were recorded. The FTIR
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Organic Chemistry I LAB EXAM: FINAL BROMINATION OF BENZENE SYNTHESIS AND PURIFICATION OF BROMOBENZENE: PROCEDURE DATA TABLE Chemical Boiling point C Melting Point C Density g/mL Solubility Benzene 80.1 5.5 0.88 Slightly in H2O Toluene 110.6 -93 0.87 Slightly in H2O Bromobenzene 155-156 -30.8 1.50 Insoluble Dibromobenzene 220.40 87.31 0.96 Insoluble MATERIALS: Graduated cylinder Weight scale Buchner funnel Filter flask Rubber stopper Hot plate Thermometer Conical funnel Various
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solvent. III. Equations H3PO4 + H2O IV. Mechanisms Step 1: Protonation of the hydroxyl group (fast equilibrium) Step 2: Ionization to a carbocation (slow‚ rate-limiting) Step 3: Deprotonation of the carbocation to give the alkene V. References Macroscale and microscale: Organic experiments‚ 5th ed. (2007)‚ K.J. Williamson‚ R. Minard‚ and K.M Masters. Houghton Mifflin Company. P.p. 351-352. Organic Chemistry‚ 7th ed. (2010)‚ L.G. Wade‚ Jr. Prentice Hall. P.p. 308-311
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CH241 – Lecture Outline Chapter 6: Reactions of Alkenes Carbocations How are carbocations classified? What stabilizes a carbocation and why? What is the Hammond Postulate? How does the stability of the carbocation intermediate effect the number of products and why? What are the three types of carbocation rearrangements and why do they occur? Stereochemistry of Reactions (read 6.14 in 7th edition before class) What are the three ways a reaction can have stereochemistry? (a) What is
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Alkenes from Alcohols: Analysis of a Mixture by Gas Chromatography Aim: To analyze a mixture of alkenes by gas chromatography. Introduction: In this lab‚ we specifically used elimination reaction; however we only used the E1 reaction. In the presence of strong acids‚ alcohols protonate to form a good leaving group‚ namely water. Upon loss of a proton to a good leaving group‚ an introduction of unsaturation (a double bond) can be preformed. According to Wikipedia‚ an E2 reaction is typically
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Cyclohexanol Gjulia Vokrri 02-15-2013 Abstract Alkenes can be produced by heating and dehydrating an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid. The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize cyclohexene by dehydration of cyclohexanol and to detect the presence of a double bond in the alkene. The dehydration reaction using distillation was performed using two acid catalysts‚ 85% phosphoric acid and
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SYNTHESIS OF TRANS-9-(2-PHENYLETHENYL) ANTHRACENE (A WITTIG REACTION) Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to convert carbonyl compounds to alkenes using Wittig reaction. In this case we will be synthesizing Trans-9-(2-phenylethenyl) anthracene from benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride and 9-anthraldehyde. We will also aim to obtaining a high percent yield and purity for the synthesis of Trans-9-(2-phenylethenyl) anthracene. The mechanism for this reaction goes thus:
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Experiment 1: Mechanism of Nitrile Oxide and Alkene Cycloaddition 1. Purpose: to clarify the mechanism for the cycloaddition reaction between benzonitrile oxide and an alkene‚ and to test the regiochemistry of the reaction between benzonitrile oxide and styrene. 2. Plan: Each student in a group of three will work to create a reaction with the Benzonitrile Oxide with‚ cis-stilbene‚ trans-stilbene‚ or styrene in an Erlenmyer flask. With this Reaction solution thin layer chromatography will be
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