Alkene Fron an Alcohol: Cyclohexene Synthesis from Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexene Synthesis by Dehydration Reaction of Cyclohexanol Gjulia Vokrri 02-15-2013
Abstract
Alkenes can be produced by heating and dehydrating an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid.
The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize cyclohexene by dehydration of cyclohexanol and to detect the presence of a double bond in the alkene. The dehydration reaction using distillation was performed using two acid catalysts, 85% phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid. Tests for unsaturation were performed adding drops of bromine in tetrachloride and potassium permanganate to four test tubes, two containing 5 drops of cyclohexanol(control), and two containing cyclohexene(prepared product. 3 drops of bromine solution changed the product from red to clear within in 5 seconds. The control remained red after 5 drops of bromine were added. Likewise, 3 drops of potassium permanganate changed the product from purple to brown within 3 seconds. The control remained purple after 5 drops were added. These positive results both theoretically and experimentally confirmed the presence of a double bond by comparing the control and the product to their changes or lack of changes in color.
Introduction
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond (Brown et al. 2012). The presence of the double bond allows alkenes to react in a variety of ways. Economically they are very important (Thornley 2011). They are used in the petrochemical industry to refine and process petroleum, which are many of the fuels used in airplanes and cars and machinery. They can polymerize to form polymers, which form many different types of plastics such as rigid water pipes, plastic bottles, elastic rubber, and many household items. One way to synthesize an alkene is to perform an alcohol dehydration reaction using acid catalysts. The goal
Abstract
Alkenes can be produced by heating and dehydrating an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid.
The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize cyclohexene by dehydration of cyclohexanol and to detect the presence of a double bond in the alkene. The dehydration reaction using distillation was performed using two acid catalysts, 85% phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid. Tests for unsaturation were performed adding drops of bromine in tetrachloride and potassium permanganate to four test tubes, two containing 5 drops of cyclohexanol(control), and two containing cyclohexene(prepared product. 3 drops of bromine solution changed the product from red to clear within in 5 seconds. The control remained red after 5 drops of bromine were added. Likewise, 3 drops of potassium permanganate changed the product from purple to brown within 3 seconds. The control remained purple after 5 drops were added. These positive results both theoretically and experimentally confirmed the presence of a double bond by comparing the control and the product to their changes or lack of changes in color.
Introduction
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond (Brown et al. 2012). The presence of the double bond allows alkenes to react in a variety of ways. Economically they are very important (Thornley 2011). They are used in the petrochemical industry to refine and process petroleum, which are many of the fuels used in airplanes and cars and machinery. They can polymerize to form polymers, which form many different types of plastics such as rigid water pipes, plastic bottles, elastic rubber, and many household items. One way to synthesize an alkene is to perform an alcohol dehydration reaction using acid catalysts. The goal
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