Department of Chemistry Observations of Chemical Changes Submitted by Date Submitted: 5/30/2012 Date Performed: 5/30/2012 Lab Section: Chem-181DL1 Course Instructor: Purpose The purpose of the experiment Observation of Chemical Changes is to examine the properties of chemical reaction and relate those reactions to products commonly found in a home environment. Through this experiment someone can macroscopically analyze whether a solution
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Synthesis of t-Pentyl Chloride Introduction: Using SN1 reaction mechanism with hydrochloric acid‚ t-Pentyl alcohol was converted to t-Pentyl chloride in an acid catalyzed reaction. The reaction took place in a separatory funnel designed to separate immiscible liquids. The crude product was extracted by transferring a solute from one solvent to another. The process of washing the solutions by phase transfer was used in order to remove impurities from the main solvent layer. Finally‚ the crude
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solution that contains both an acid and a salt containing the conjugate base / acid in sufficient concentrations so as to maintain a relatively constant pH when either acid or base is added. In this experiment a selection of buffer solutions (Bicarbonate/carbonic acid)‚ Lake water and distilled water were obtained to compare their buffering behaviours when mixed both with an acid and a base. The results showed buffering capacities for all the solutions except distilled water. Introduction
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seasoning and as a preservative. It is also used in the curing and preserving of hides and in the form of brine of brine for refrigeration purposes. Salt is extensively used in the chemical industry; in the manufacture of baking soda‚ sodium bicarbonate; of caustic soda‚ sodium hydroxide; of hydrochloric acid‚ of chlorine etc. It is also used in soap-making‚ and in the manufacture of glaze and porcelain enamel. It also enters metallurgic processes as flu‚ a compound used to assist the fusing of
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Clinically‚ non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most frequently prescribed class of drugs for inflammatory disorders (1). Lornoxicam is a novel NSAID drug. It has an equipotent COX isoenzyme inhibitory effect and subsequently reduces the production of prostaglandins‚ thromboxane‚ and leukotrienes (2). It is prescribed for mild to moderate pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (3). It is prescribed for the treatment of osteoarthritis due to its analgesic
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Alimentary System 1.1 – The burden of GI diseases • List the names of the organs of the alimentary tract • Mouth and Oesophagus • Stomach • Liver • Biliary system • Pancreas • Small intestine (consisting of duodenum‚ jejunum and ileum) • Large intestine (consisting of colon‚ rectum and anus) • Describe the symptoms and signs of alimentary tract disease Symptoms: General: • Anorexia • Weight loss • Anaemia
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ACIDS‚ BASES AND SALTS 1. What are indicators? What are the different types of indicators? An indicator is a dye which changes colour when put into an acid or a base. The different kinds of indicators are- Natural indicators- Litmus is a natural indicator‚ litmus solution is a purple dye which is extracted from a plant called lichen. Litmus turns red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions. Other
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organs are responsible for the following: - Liver – produces bile‚ which emulsifies fat - Gallbladder – stores bile and introduces it into the small intestine - Pancreas – produces and secretes pancreatic juice‚ containing digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions into the small intestine From the duodenum the food is moved into the small intestine‚ where it is mixed with bile and pancreatic juice. The small intestine is where the final enzymatic breakdown of food molecules occurs‚ and is the
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With the urine samples given to us by the five patients we tested the amounts of glucose‚ amino acids‚ urea‚ and salts in urine. To test this we used different chemicals that would react with one of the four items above showing either a high concentration or low concentration within the urine. By using a solution called silver nitrate we could test whether or not salt was present in the urine. If the urine turned a cloudy white after adding the silver nitrate the urine had a high concentration of
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neutron(s). 6. A hydrogen ion has (one/zero) proton(s)‚ (one/zero) electron(s)‚ and (one/zero) neutron(s). 7. Acids are substances that (release/accept) hydrogen ions. 8. Bases are substances that (release/ accept) hydrogen ions. 9. The bicarbonate ion is an important (acid/base) in the human body. 10. Because water molecules have a positive pole and a negative pole‚ we consider the water molecule to be a _polar__ molecule. 11. Water molecules bond with other water molecules by a
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