Chapter 6 Study Guide Fluids‚ Electrolytes‚ and Acid-Base balance Compartmental Distribution of Body Fluids 2/3 of the body’s water is contained in the ICF‚ the remaining 1/3 is in the ECF ICF fluid volume is regulated by proteins and other non-diffusible organic compounds in cells Interstitial fluids (IF) act as a transport vehicle for gasses‚ nutrients‚ wastes‚ and other materials 14%-16% of body weight Reservoir for maintenance of vascular volume; used during hemorrhage
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Ocean Acidification Climate change’s equally evil twin seems to be ocean acidification. 25 percent of the CO2 dissolves into the ocean instead of being in the air. When the industrial era started over 525 billion tons of CO2 were absorbed (22 million tons per day). Scientists at first thought that we were good because it warms the planet‚ but that’s not the case. The ocean is becoming more acidic than ever because of the CO2. 200 years later the water temperature increased by 30 percent. Rivers usually
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Task 4 – The Maintenance of the Acid – Base balance in the body (D1) pH is measured based on its acidity and alkalinity. There are many substances around the body that have different pH values. A pH of 7 is usually considered neutral‚ neither acid nor alkaline‚ this is the pH of water. In the body the acids and bases need to be in very close balance‚ this is called ‘acid base homeostasis. If it goes off too far in either direction then it could be fatal to the body. For example in the body the blood
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decreases Which of the following is correctly matched? Alkalosis and Hypokalemia Body fluid pH will rise dramatically when which condition occurs? Large amounts of bicarbonate are ingested As other mechanisms prepare to respond to a pH imbalance‚ immediate buffering is a result of an increase in which of the following? Bicarbonate/Carbonic Acid regulation Which of the following statements concerning Potassium is false? SIADH is characterized by which of the following? Dilutional Hyponatremia
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corrected if the cause is identified and treated correctly. CAUSES There are many possible causes of metabolic acidosis. The most common causes are: • The body producing too much acid. • Losing too much of a chemical that balances acid levels (bicarbonate). This can happen because of diarrhea or
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were all of a sudden gone? According to studies‚ this is what could happen by 2050. On this rate‚ calcifiers will become less and less due to the carbon dioxide mixing with the water to make carbonic acid which breaks down into hydrogen gas and bicarbonate ions.
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dioxide is a toxic waste product generated in the oxidation of fats‚ carbohydrates and proteins within the cells. The gas itself is not an acid‚ but it reacts with water to form carbonic acid which then dissociates to form a hydrogen ion and a bicarbonate ion: CO2+H2O↔ H2CO3↔H++ HCO3- The respiratory system helps to control the acidity of
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1000 ppm of impurities. A boiler that makes up 4000 gal/day of water having 100 ppm of hardness‚ has a potential of accumulating over 1000 pounds of scale per year. Alkalinity Test In natural waters‚ alkalinity is most commonly the result of bicarbonate and carbonate ions; in treated waters‚ alkalinity may also be contributed by hydroxide‚ phosphate‚ silicate‚ and other treatment ions. The color changes of phenolphthalein indicator‚ which occurs at pH of 8.3 (P Alkalinity) and bromcresol green
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respiratory acidosis. 2. Hypoventilation results in You correctly answered: c. an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood. 3. The renal system can compensate for respiratory acidosis by You correctly answered: b. excreting H+ and retaining bicarbonate ion. 4. Respiratory acidosis can be caused by all of the following except You correctly answered: d. an anxiety attack. 07/14/13 page 3 Review Sheet Results 1. Describe what happened to the pH and the carbon dioxide levels during rebreathing
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volume of air. 3. Which of the following is not a potential cause of respiratory alkalosis? You correctly answered: d. emphysema 4. The kidneys can compensate for respiratory alkalosis by You correctly answered: b. retaining H+ and excreting bicarbonate ion. 05/12/13 page 4 Review Sheet Results 1. Describe the normal ranges for pH and carbon dioxide in the blood. Your answer: The human body
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