Structure of Insulin Focus concepts The three dimensional structure of insulin is examined and sequences of various animal insulins are compared. Prerequisites • • • Amino acid structure Protein architecture Basic immunology Background Diabetics lack the protein insulin‚ which is produced by the pancreatic β-cells of the islets of Langerhans. Insulin stimulates uptake of glucose from the blood into the tissues. Diabetes is treated by replacing the missing insulin. Human insulin is produced
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The endocrine part of the pancreas consists of pancreatic islets (islets of the Langerhans). Insulin and glucagon are hormones secreted by islet cells of the pancreas. Both of these hormones are secreted depending on the blood glucose levels. Alpha cells of the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon and beta cells of the pancreatic islets secrete insulin (Marieb‚ 2012). Insulin and glucagon are equally important in managing blood glucose‚ making sure the body functions well. Glucose‚ which comes from
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Let’s Work Together Dealing with people at work is perhaps one of the most difficult challenges a person will ever face due to the many differences in culture‚ gender‚ and personalities. The same applies to life outside work because our society is so much integrated and diversified compared to‚ say 50 years ago. Neighborhoods have changed and we see the obvious cultural and gender integration‚ such as the opposite gender taking a line of work that once used to be strictly for the other gender
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1 1 1 3 7 0.5 3) When studying cells structure using a microscope the smallest unit of measurement commonly used to describe findings is the nanometre. Explain why. Magnification and Resolution 1) Define the following terms: Magnification: Resolution: 2) Visible light has a wavelength of 400-700 nm. Calculate the best resolution achievable with a light microscope? Show your working out: 3) If the electron gun produces an electron beam with 2 nm wavelength‚ what is
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arteries‚ veins and capillaries. The blood delivers nutrients and oxygen to the cells in the body. The arteries carry blood away from the heart and the veins carry it back to the heart. Capillaries are found in the muscles and the lungs‚ they have valves to stop the blood flowing backwards and this is also where gaseous exchange takes place. The heart works as a pump that pushes blood to the organs‚ tissues‚ and cells of your body and removes the carbon dioxide and waste products that are made. The
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A system is a group of organs that work together and provide an organism with an advantage for survival. It is the most complex organization in your body and the final level of the progression from cells to tissues to organs and then systems. Systems work alone and with other systems to allow your body to maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis is a stable internal environment that allows you (and your cells) to survive. While every one of your systems is needed to survive‚ your nervous system is the
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she lives in a flat in a city centre with her husband Bert. Mabel has had type 2 diabetes for years which has been poorly controlled by medication and diet. Mabel’s diabetes has now progressively worsened; she has been commenced on a self-managed insulin therapy plan. She is cared for by the community nursing team and her GP; she attends the regular diabetic clinic. Mabel has no other medical conditions but is currently suffering a cold. On a trip to the chemists Mabel feels unwell‚ clammy‚ trembling
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Insulin Synthesis The discovery of insulin was one of the greatest events in medical history. The existence of insulin is as necessary as that of glucose (the body’s basic unit of fuel). Both of them are related and required for life. In order for the glucose to be regulated‚ insulin circulates through blood vessels and bind with particular (insulin) receptors‚ promoting interactions essential for the wellbeing of the body’s internal mechanisms. Insulin is a hormone synthesized exclusively
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How does computer software and hardware work together? This is kind of a complex question. I think the most important thing connecting software and hardware would probably be the register. Commands or services requested by the software are encoded into binary values of 0’s and 1’s and are written into a register. For example‚ some register may hold a value of "01101100". This encoding has a total of 8 bits. Each value of either 0 or 1 is called a bit‚ and 8 bits are called a byte. At the hardware
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514 (CYTOGENETICS) TOPIC: PLANT CELL ORGANELLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS‚ THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL BY ONUMAEGBU BRIGHT C MOUAU/08/11351 LECTURE: DR J N EKA February 2013 Dedication I dedicate this work and the articles therein to almighty
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