stop growing when they hear signals from the nearby cells‚ in contrast‚ cancer cells do not respond to these signals. When healthy cells get old or damaged they either get repaired or die. On the other hand‚ cancer cells do not repair or undergo apoptosis. Healthy cells have a special function to perform‚ however‚ cancer cells have no specialized function. Cancer cells do not do anything that benefits
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how to grow without? ____________________________________________ 8. What do cancer cells have to learn how to grow in the presence of? __________________________________ EVADING DEATH: 9. How do cancer cells avoid death? 10. What is apoptosis? PROCESSING NUTRIENTS: 11. How do cancer cells survive? What must they take in and attract? BECOMING IMMORTAL: 12. The age of a cell and its ability to divide is related to what? Explain. 13. What do telomeres do and how does
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The Mitochondrion The cell is the most basic unit of life. The cell serves as the place for processes such as cellular respiration‚ metabolism and energy production in the form of ATP‚ or adenosine triphosphate. Many organelles—small structures that help to carry out the daily operations of the cell‚ inhabit the cell such as the Golgi complex‚ the endoplasmic reticulum‚ the nucleus‚ or brain of the cell‚ and lysosomes. An organelle that is the place where most of the cell’s energy is generated is
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a) Flow cytometry analysis “Feline Panleukopenia (FP) is a highly contagious viral disease of cats caused by the Feline Parvovirus‚” (American Veterinary Medical Association‚ 2013). This disease is a secondary infection that caused by the apoptosis of infected animal’s cells and reduces the expression of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2 ). The cells infected include cells in the bone marrow and cells lining the intestines. As a result of the destruction of white blood cells‚ the immune system of
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1). Development of botanicals to combat antibiotic resistance. Abstracts: The findings of antibiotics in the earlier in time century lead to the process of reducing mortality and morbidity due to diseases capable of causing infection but their unsuitable and not able to reason well has resulted in an instance of emerging of resistant microbial populations. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Botanicals; Synergism; Immunomodulation; Bioenhancers According to Gupta‚ P. D.‚ & Birdi‚ T. J. (2017)‚ Crude
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and antigrowth signals. Cancerous cells are those that ignore antigrowth signals‚ and can continue to replicate without growth factors. After a certain amount of mitotic divisions‚ the telomeres in cells shorten until there is none‚ and programmed apoptosis—cell death—occurs. Cancer cells elongate their telomeres‚ and so can also replicate almost indefinitely. When these cells start to build up‚ they form a mass called a tumor. Tumors can either be benign or
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BSC2085 Anatomy-Physiology 1 Exam 2 Study Guide‚ Chapters 5 & 6 There are only four primary tissue types found in adult organs; epithelial‚ connective‚ nervous‚ and muscular tissue. Epithelial tissue lines body cavities‚ covers the body surface‚ and forms the lining of many organs. Connective tissue serves in most cases to bind organs to each other. Nervous tissue and muscular tissue are considered excitable tissues because they are very sensitive to outside stimuli. A simple epithelium consists
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immortal/immortalization (endless tank of gas) 4. Loss of apoptosis- loss of cell destruction‚ cells don’t die 5. angiogenesis- growth of new blood cells 6. invasion/metastasis- spread of cancer to distant sites What is telomerase and how does it relate to the development of cancer/cell immortality? Allows cell growth What is angiogenesis and how does it relate to cancer progression? Cancer cells promote new blood supply to feed growing tumor What is apoptosis and how does it relate to cancer progression
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Telomerase Reactivation Reverses Tissue Degeneration in Aged Telomerase-deficient Mice Jaskelioff et al.‚ Nature‚ January 2011 This study looked at the effects of telomerase activation on the tissues of prematurely-aged adult mice. The telomerase enzyme‚ TERT-ER‚ is not expressed in the cells of these mice. The group induced (turned on) expression of TERT-ER by exposing mice to the compound 4-OHT‚ 4-hydroxytamoxifen (see definitions on next page). This treatment rebuilt the telomeres in
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Humoral immunity From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Humoral immunity (also called the antibody-mediated system) is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macromolecules (as opposed to cell-mediated immunity) found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies‚ complement proteins and certain antimicrobial peptides. Humoral immunity is so named because it involves substances found in the humours‚ or body fluids. The study of the molecular and cellular components that comprise
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