Advanced Pathophysiology & Health Assessment NUR5703 2011 Pre-course Learning Objectives: Fluids and Electrolytes: 1. Identify and describe the composition of the fluid compartments within the body Either Intracellular fluid (ICF- 2/3 of the body’s water) or extracellular fluid (ECF -one third of the body’s water). The two main extracellular fluid compartments are the interstitial fluid and the intravascular fluid‚ which is the blood plasma. Other ECF compartments include the lymph and
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entirely avoiding predators. When detecting environmental changes such as the change in chemicals such as salinity‚ many amphipods have tiny hair-like organs containing sensory cells called sensilla (Hallberg‚ 2011). These chemosensory olfactory receptors are virtually found on many parts of the crustacean body including antennae‚ mouthparts and tips of the walking appendages (Hallberg‚ 2011). In order to transfer and translate the sensory information‚ Hyalella azteca contain a thick nerve cord
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or intramuscularly to the patients a few hours before the operation in order to relieve anxiety‚ promote sedation and amnesia. Benzodiazepines act on a positive regulatory site on the GABAA receptor‚ a ligand-gated ion channel‚ enhancing the activity of GABA neurotransmitter when it binds to the GABAA receptor. Subsequently‚ this leads to greater influx of chloride ions into the nerve cell‚ lowering the electrical potential of the cell and therefore having an overall inhibitory effect on the central
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G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are cell surface proteins that relay extracellular signals to the nucleus. These signals can be in the form of light‚ peptides‚ lipids‚ and sugars. Once activated by a ligand at the outer cell surface‚ GPCRs activate their cognate G-proteins that reside on the inner cell membrane. The activated G-proteins then slide along the inside of the cell membrane to activate a cascade of proteins and enzymes that in turn amplify the original message received by the GPCR
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LAB 2 GENERAL CUTANEOUS SENSATIONS INTRODUCTION This lab involves the examination of cutaneous receptors. There are four exercises. For this lab‚ report your observations in a formal report‚ according to the formatting prescribed in Lab Report Format.doc which is found on Blackboard under Assignments/Before You Begin. Equipment needed: Metal calipers or compass with pencil 2 or more blunt probes (ball point pens or forks with blunt tines) 3 pennies 1 liter ice water in
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through the receptors and its can have effects like slowed reaction and thinking‚ confusion‚ and anxiety. It also affects the brains of different groups of people more depending on your age‚ usage‚ tolerance‚ and the potency of the marijuana you take. Using marijuana is taking a serious risk to your brain and body because it damages it permanently and over just isn’t good for you. In your brain there are many receptors that are in all your neurons. Marijuana can go to those receptors and make you
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Drugs Anticholinesterases- reversal agents for blocking agents (NBMR) Drugs Dose mg/ Kg Onset Duration Facts Edrophonium. Give glycol b/f otherwise you see bradyacardia- don’t mix! 7 micro grams/ Kg atropine. May need more (10-15 microg/ Kg) if given with opioid- based anesthetic. 0.5-1.5 (usual dose 40-70 mg) Approx equivalent dose- 35 mg 1-2 min 60 min Less effective than neo for deep block Neostigmine 20 mcg/kg atropine (more rapid than neo). 10 microg/ Kg glycopyrrolate (parallels
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chemical action by binding to cell receptors and mimicking the action of naturally occurring substances such as neurochemicals. Antagonists also attach to cell receptor sites but instead of causing an action‚ they block the receptor from being stimulated by a target substance such as an opiate. For example‚ as a paramedic I have used naloxone (Narcan) for my narcotic overdose patients. Naloxone is classified as a narcotic antagonist which means that it occupies opiate receptor sites in the brain‚ knocking
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Questions to be submitted as Case Study 1 1) Define Hyponatremia.- When sodium concentration in the blood is below 135 mEq/L‚ or abnormally low. It is induced by the consumption of large amounts of fluid that are sodium-free‚ such as water. 2) What is the etiology of hyponatremia?- Can occur in three ways: hypervolemic‚ euvolemic‚ and hypovolemic. Hypervolemic is when the body overall has too much water‚ lowering the serum sodium level‚ thus causing cells to swell. Euvolemic is when the body’s
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What are the different ways‚ physiological and pharmacological‚ in which blood vessel diameter can be modified? Detection of changes in blood pressure (leading to resultant changes in blood vessel diameter): Baroreceptors at the carotid sinus (the bifurcation of internal and external carotid arteries in the neck) and the aortic arch detect changes in blood pressure. These non-encapsulated nerve endings‚ located in the adventitial layer of arteries‚ are technically mechanoreceptors; they respond
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