Title : Properties of hydrocarbon Objective : 1) To study the properties of hydrocarbons. 2) To determine the unknown samples. Results : Part A : Combustion Compounds Observations Hexane There was orange flame and burned mildly during the burning process. No soots and smoke were produced. C6H14 + 19/2 O2 6CO2 + 7H2O Cyclohexene Orange flame burned vigorously. A small amount of black soot and smoke were produced during the burning process.
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permanganate was added. Permanganate’s color changed from purple to brown‚ and bromium’s color changed brown to colorless‚ it became color solution which was light yellow. INTRODUCTION One of the most useful and general methods of preparing alkenes or olefins is based on the dehydration of alcohols with acids. Strong acids such as sulphuric and phosphoric acids are required to form the oxonium ion from which the hydronium ion is eliminated. “This cyclohexene from cyclohexanol reaction belongs
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trans-pent-2-ene are alkenes. (a) For each one give: (i) Its molecular formula (ii) Its structural formula (iii) Its displayed formula (iv) Its skeletal formula. (b) Give the general formula that is used to represent alkenes. (c) Two of these alkenes are isomers of each other. Identify which two. (d) Why is it not possible to change one of these two isomers into the other at room temperature ? (e) Give the displayed formulae and the names of the four alkenes with
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hydrocarbons (Greek for "fat") consist of alkanes (paraffins)‚ alkenes (double bonds) and alkynes (triple bonds). Aromatic hydrocarbons contain the benzene ring. 153 C C C alkane alkene C C C alkyne benzene Hydrocarbons can be further divided into saturated hydrocarbons that have only single carbon-carbon bonds (alkanes)‚ and unsaturated hydrocarbons that have multiple carbon-carbon bonds (alkenes‚ alkynes‚ aromatics). Most of the aliphatic compounds are named
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Esmeralda Curiel Organic Chemistry October 21‚ 2014 Experiment 41- 1‚4-Diphenyl-1‚3-Butadiene INTRODUCTION The study of the Wittig Reaction is important because it is often used to form alkenes from carbonyl compounds. The purpose of this experiment is to isolate the trans‚ trans-1‚4-diphenyl-1‚3-butadiene‚ which is formed by a Wittig reaction along with the cis‚ trans isomeric diene. The reaction is carried out in two steps. First the Wittig salt is obtained through a simple nucleophilic displacement
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products were formed. The theoretical yield of the alkene mixture was 3.914 g. The actual yield of the mixture was 0.73 g. The percent yield for the reaction was 18.65%. Peak A had an area of 0.3 mm2 and a percentage of 4.6 %. Peak B had an area of 6.21 mm2 and a percentage of 95.39%. Introduction The acid used speeds up the dehydration of the alcohols. This is an elimination reaction. Water is eliminated from the reaction and the products formed are alkenes. The reaction follows Zaitsev’s rule because
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Lab Protocol #8 - Dehydration of 3‚3-dimethyl-2-butanol KEYWORDS: alkenes‚ E2‚ E1‚ carbocation stability‚ elimination A. Introduction. The dehydration of alcohols is an ELIMINATION reaction that is commonly used to form alkene molecules. The mechanism for the dehydration of alcohols consists of transforming the –OH functional group into a better leaving group by using a strong acid to protonate the alcohol. After –OH has been transformed into –OH2+‚ it becomes easier to break the σ-bond between the
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Keghan Chapter 8 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Topic: Structure Elucidation 1. An alkene adds hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to give 3‚4-dimethylhexane. Ozonolysis of the alkene followed by treatment with zinc and acetic acid gives a single organic product. The structure of the alkene is: CH3 A) CH3CH=C-CHCH2CH3 (cis or trans) CH3 CH3 B) CH3CH2C=CCH3 (cis or trans) CH2CH3 C) CH3 CH2=CCH2CHCH2CH3 CH3 CH2 D) CH3CH2CCHCH2CH3 CH3 CH3 E) CH3CH2CHCHCH=CH2
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PREPARING CYCLOHEXENE FROM CYCLOHEXANOL INTRODUCTION Alkenes can be prepared in the lab by dehydrating the corresponding alcohol. Concentrated sulphuric and phosphoric acids both act as dehydrating agents. Phosphoric acid is preferred because it gives a higher yield of the alkene. Concentrated H2SO4 reacts with alkenes. SAFETY Eye protection must be worn. Concentrated phosphoric acid is corrosive. Mop up spillages immediately with plenty of water. Cyclohexene and cyclohexanol are
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"antiperiplanar"). This fact is important to remember since the stereochemistry of the resulting alkene (Z or E; cis or trans) is often controlled by the hydrogen which is removed in the elimination reaction. In the reaction shown below‚ the hydrogen on the carbon bearing the methyl group cannot become anti-to the halogen‚ hence the elimination occurs on the secondary carbon‚ to give the unfavored less substituted alkene. The rate-limiting transition state in the E1 reaction is again‚ carbocation formation
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