ISOMERIZATION OF AN ALKENE Martin‚ Marilen1‚ Lovenia‚ Melden D.2 1Professor‚ School of Che-Chm-BE-MSE‚ Mapua Institute of Technology; 2Students‚ Chm145L/A41‚ School of Che-Chm-BE-MSE‚ Mapua Institute of Technology ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted to accomplish the following objectives. The first objective aims to synthesize an isomer of alkenes. This was done by converting maleic acid to fumaric acid. This conversion was accomplished by applying a heat-catalyzed reaction on maleic acid
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substances. Crude oil is also a naturally occurring hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain hydrogen and carbon and come in various lengths and structures‚ like rings and straight and branched chains. Petroleum contains many alkanes and alkenes and has several impurities when removed from underneath the earth. Refining petroleum entails both the removal of these impurities and also the separation of petroleum into its various components. The specific method for this separation in crude oil
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the base to lose a hydrogen and form the carbon-carbon double bond [1]. When the more substituted alkene is the dominant product‚ the reaction follows Zaitsev’s rule. Zaitsev’s rule states that the major product of a β-elimination reaction is the most stable alkene [1].Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration is the elimination of a molecule of water from adjacent carbon atoms. An alcohol can be converted to an alkene by dehydration‚ which is often brought on by heating the alcohol with either 85% phosphoric acid
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excess water. The water will remove the acidic hydrogen on the carbocation producing the desired alkene as well as regenerating the acid catalyst (fig. 2). A time effective way to collect the 4-methylcyclohexene is to heat the reaction to reflux as it is taking place. This allows the product to be separated from the starting materials by means of the boiling point discrepancy between the isolated alkene (101-102C) and the starting alcohol (171-173C). After the distillate is collected any impurities
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2950 cm-1 sp2 C-H stretch 3100 cm-1 C=O - ketone 1715 cm-1 C=C alkene 1680 cm-1 O O d. e. f. OH sp3 C-H stretch 2950 sp C-H stretch 3310 cm-1 CC alkyne stretch 2220 cm-1 cm-1 sp2 C-H stretch 3100 cm-1 sp3 C-H stretch 2950 cm-1 C=C alkene 1680 cm-1
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Chemistry revision Atoms elements and compounds Atom-the smallest part of an element that can still be recognized as an element Element-a substance made up of only one type of atom. An element cannot be broken down chemically into any simpler substance Nucleus-middle of the atom‚ which contains protons and neutrons Electron-tiny particle‚ which surrounds the nucleus with a negative charge Compound-when two elements react and combine together which contain more than one element. There
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Chapter 5: Solutions‚ Colloids‚ and Membranes Chapter Summary Mixtures and Solutions * A mixture maintains its identity regardless of the proportions of its components. * A mixture can be separated into its pure components through physical separation techniques. * The components are distributed uniformly throughout a homogenous mixture. * The components are not distributed uniformly throughout a heterogeneous mixture. * A solution is composed of a solvent and one or more solutes
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R or S ? www.primaryrx.com/pdf/C-PHEN%20DM%20DROPS.pdf 1 Chapter 15: Benzene and Aromaticity Introduction: • All organic compounds can be derived into two broad classes 1. Aliphatic compounds Nonaromatic hydrocarbons such as alkanes‚ alkenes or alkynes 2. Aromatic compounds A series of cyclic unsaturated compounds with unusually high stability • The properties and reactions of aromatic compounds are exemplified / demonstrated by the properties and reactions of benzene (the “parent”
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Carbon Compounds Activity 1: Organic Compounds: Are they Useful? Objective: Recognize the uses of common organic compounds. Materials: paper and pen‚ pentel pen‚ manila paper Labels or Pictures of the following products: gasoline‚ acetone‚ kerosene‚ acetic acid‚ LPG‚ ethanol Procedure: 1) With your group mates‚ use the labels/pictures of the materials to answer the following questions: a.) Complete the table about the uses of the compounds. Indicate using a check mark the uses of
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w w w e tr .X m eP e ap UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education .c rs om *2925136620* CHEMISTRY Paper 3 (Extended) 0620/33 May/June 2012 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number‚ candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a pencil for any diagrams‚ graphs
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