1. (a) Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.explain the words saturated and hydrocarbons. (b) Alkanes are generally unreactive. Explain why this is so. (c) write balanced equations for the complete combustion of: (i) methane (ii) ethane. 2. Use the passage below and your knowledge to answer the questions that follow. Methane reacts with bromine to give bromomethane and hydrogen bromide. The mechanism for the reaction is called free-radical substitution and involves
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baeyer’s test‚the alkane which is heptanes will not undergo the oxidation reaction with potassium permanganate due to saturate bond .Thus‚will forming two layer will form which the solution does not mix.While on the other hand‚2-pentene will react with sulphuric acid to form penta-2‚3-diol.The purple color of KmnO4 will change to brown CH3CH=CHCH2CH3 + KMnO4 (cold) ---> CH3CH2(OH)CH2(OH)CH2CH3 For the experiment between alkane and alkene that react with sulphuric acid‚alkene which is 2-pentene
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HOMOLOGOUS SERIES | ALKANE | ALKENE | ALCOHOL | CARBOXYLIC ACID | ESTER | GENERAL FORMULA | CnH2n+2‚ where n= 1‚2‚3‚.. | CnH2n‚ where n= 2‚3‚4‚.. | CnH2n+1OH‚ where n= 1‚2‚3 | CnH2n+1COOH‚ where n= -0‚1‚2‚3‚.. | CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1‚ where n= 0‚1‚2‚3‚.. and m= 1‚2‚3‚.. | PHYSICAL PROPERTIES | * MP & BP Size of hydrocarbon molecules inc‚ f.o.a inc‚ more heat overcome f.o.a * Density Mass per molecule inc faster than volume per molecule * Gas – liquidSize of hydrocarbon molecule inc‚ f
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Saturated hydrocarbons are characterized by single bonds between adjacent carbon atoms. Saturated hydrocarbons are alkanes and cycloalkanes‚ this compounds are relatively inert and do not react with common laboratory reagents. Alkanes do‚ however react with oxygen‚ halogens and other substances under control conditions. All members of alkane series have the general chemical formula CnHn-1. Alkanes are insoluble in water; other physical properties vary with molecular weight. Members C1 to C4 are gasses at
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substances. Crude oil is also a naturally occurring hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain hydrogen and carbon and come in various lengths and structures‚ like rings and straight and branched chains. Petroleum contains many alkanes and alkenes and has several impurities when removed from underneath the earth. Refining petroleum entails both the removal of these impurities and also the separation of petroleum into its various components. The specific method for this separation in crude
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Lecture # 1 Organic Chemistry- 1. It is a science that deals with the study of Carbon compounds but not all compounds containing under organic compounds. Non-Organic Compounds a. CO- Carbon monoxide b. CO2- Carbon dioxide c. CO3- Carbonates d. HCO3- Hydrogen carbonates e. CN- -Cyanides 2. There are over millions of compounds and inorganic is approximately 100‚000. 3. A science that deals with matter obtained from natural or living sources. 4. Study of Carbon Compounds
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carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. The simplest hydrocarbons are the alkanes which contain only single covalent bonds. Methane is the simplest alkane. It is also the major component of natural gas. Methane contains only 1 carbon in the molecular formula and the structural formula. There is ethane which is 2 carbons‚ propane that is 3‚ butane which is 4‚ pentane which is 5 and so on. There are also alkenes. Alkenes are hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon double covalent bonds‚ and last but
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Test Bromine addition Alkane Mixture of hexane and dichloromethane was originally clear liquid. After adding 3 drops red color Br2/CH2Cl 2 the solution turned orange. Orange color held. Alkene Alkene used was pentene. Originally clear liquid. After addition‚ solution turned yellowish at first but then turned clear after a few minutes of sitting. Alkyne Alkyne used was toluene. Originally clear liquid. After addition‚ solution turned orange. Orange maintained longer than alkene but eventually turned
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at every point where two lines meet. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Alkanes and Cycloalkanes - An alkane is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon=carbon double bonds -Functional group: C-C group -General formula: CnH2n+2; n = number of carbon atoms -Structures of branched-chain alkanes are designated using line-angle structural formulas. (Ex. The five constitutional isomers of C6H14) -Cycloalkanes are alkanes that contain a ring of three or more carbons -General Formula
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first-hand investigation to compare the reactivity of an alkene with its corresponding alkane. (a) State the name of the alkene. 2002:16(a) 1 (b) Outline a procedure to compare the reactivity of this alkene with its corresponding alkane. 2002:16(b) 2 (c) Describe the results obtained from this first-hand investigation and include relevant chemical equations. 2002:16(c) 3 3 Explain why alkanes and their corresponding alkenes have similar physical properties‚ but very different
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