Systems Lab (ASL) Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich Supervision Dr. Samir Bouabdallah‚ Stefan Leutenegger and Prof. Dr. Roland Siegwart Spring Semester 2009 Contents Abstract Acknowledgements 1 Introduction 2 Review 2.1 Aerodynamics of flapping wings . 2.1.1 Wagner Effect . . . . . . . 2.1.2 Leading edge vortex . . . 2.1.3 Clap and fling mechanism 2.1.4 Rotational lift . . . . . . . 2.1.5 Wing-wake interactions . 2.1.6 Lift force . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Flapping wings in nature
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developing an ultra-small bio-mimetic flying machine using the most advanced engineering technologies that exist today. 2. The core part of this project includes leading edge technologies such as MEMS‚ IC’s and wireless technologies. 3. Here aerodynamic theory and forces explains how things should fly according to their characteristic length scale. 4. MEMS actuators can be made in the same scale of insect wings and “flap” at >100Hzat very low power input. 5.This flapping frequency is within
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The Airfoil & Theories of Lift Airfoil Definition: Have you noticed the curved shape of a bird ’s wing? An airplane ’s wing is curved also. A wing is designed for flight. It has a special shape called an airfoil. The airfoil shape provides a lifting force when air flows around it. Airfoil shapes can be found on wings‚ fans and propellers. Importance: An airplane’s airfoil plays a very important role in lifting the aircraft. The airfoil is designed to increase the velocity of the
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opposite force to weight. Thrust is the force that propels the object forward. For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction‚ therefore the force opposite of thrust is drag. The main forms of drag are pressure‚ and friction drag. Aerodynamics‚ engines‚ wings and flaps are the main factors that affect an aircraft’s ability to fly. Weight is a force that is always directed towards the earth‚ vertically‚ through the planes center of gravity. An airplanes mass would be the weight of
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math involved. If you don’t use math and use it correctly then you will not win. Mathematics is involved in racing in two ways‚ the car setup and scoring an measurements. The car setup involves tire pressure‚ down force‚ wedge‚ aerodynamic Drag‚ camber‚ track bar and valance. The scoring system also uses math. In addition to scoring math is also used to measure different racing related subjects such as car weight‚ gas mileage time interval‚ qualifying‚ and the track characteristics
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However‚ the shape of an aerofoil also has an influence. The experiment conducted compared Mach flow over a supercritical aerofoil (flattened upper surface) and a naca0012 aerofoil (symmetrical). Despite discrepancies‚ the experiment confirmed the aerodynamic performance of a supercritical aerofoil being superior to a conventional aerofoil. A comparison of the graphical distributions demonstrates the more even pressure distribution on a supercritical aerofoil and a longer delay in shockwave formation
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class: Table 1. Typical mid-size SUV vehicle parameters Parameters Value Notes 2.84 m2 Vehicle frontal area Af 7.1 m2 Vehicle side area Ac 0.39 Vehicle aerodynamic drag Cd coefficient 2.6 0.010+0.0028*(v/100) Rolling resistance Cr coefficient‚ smooth pavement‚ v in km/h 3450 lbs Curb mass Mv 2 5.6 m Trailer frontal area1 Af‚t 1 Trailer aerodynamic drag Cd‚t coefficient (blunt shape) 2200 lbs Trailer mass Mt 0.355 m Tire rolling radius Rw 3 1.29 kg/m Air density ρa The purpose of this exercise is to
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questions the project attempts to answer? What Research Methods do you intend to use? * Internet Browsing: Forums‚ youtube‚ RC websites and various pages on hovercraft and wing design * Reading books: Theory and calculations of aerodynamics relating to hovercraft and its wing design. In addition to research pertaining
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com/productpages/winglets.htm>. "Cessna 172_CS." Micro Aerodynamics‚ Inc. April 14‚ 2003 <http://www.microaero.com/CS_PDF/Cessna/Cessna-172-CS.html>. "Cirrus Aircraft." Cirrus Design Corporation. April 23‚ 2003 <http://www.cirrusdesign.com/aircraft/safety/wing/index.html>. Cox‚ Jack. "Questair Venture‚ Part Two." Sport Aviation November 1988. April 14‚ 2003 <http://www.nuventureaircraft.com/JackCoxArticle2.htm>. Dole‚ Charles E. and James E. Lewis. Flight Theory and Aerodynamics: A Practical Guide for Operational Safety
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Activity 1: X-Gliders Lesson Objective: Campers will learn about the forces of flight‚ weight and balance when they construct a glider. As they improve the design of their glider they will understand that a variable is a single change in the engineering. Set-Up: Each student will need two foam trays‚ a plastic knife and an x-glider template. Materials for weight and balance can be distributed at a communal table. Demo and discussion: Start off the lesson by asking your campers‚ “What are gliders
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