CAUSATION Causation refers to inquiry as to whether the defendants conduct (or omission) caused the harm or damage. Causation must be established in all result crimes. In criminal liability it is divided into Factual causation and Legal causation. Factual causation is the starting point and consist of applying the ‘but for’ test. In most instances where there exists no complicating factors‚ factual causation on its own will suffice to establish causation. However‚ in some circumstances it will also
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Contextual Theory of Epistemic Justification Author: David Annis (Pg. 248 254) Conclusion: The Contextualism theory has many different factors associated with it that are overlooked by both the Foundationalism theory and the Coherentism theory. Contextualism is a good option to Foundationalism and Coherentism‚ because unlike the latter two‚ Contextualism focuses on the social natures and contextual parameters of justification. Clarification: Foundationalism "The theory that every
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Sociological and Psychological Theories of Crime Causation The aim of this essay is to compare‚ contrast and evaluate two sociological theories of crime causation and two psychological theories of crime causation. Sociological Theories of crime‚ Labelling and Structural Functionalism/ Strain. Howard Becker is a sociologist that is often credited with the development of the labelling theory. However the origins of this theory can be traced back to sociologists at the beginning of the twentieth century
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Causation of Crime The two theories I chose to compare and contrast are the Trait and Choice theories. These two theories explain why people commit crimes but differ in reasoning. I found that the main difference in between the two is that the choice theory states that if people want to commit a crime they will if the benefits outweighs the punishment. The trait theory differs because it deals with testosterone and whether or not people with lower IQ’s are more liable to commit crimes
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Justification for an Internal Control System Cynthia Kinney ACC544/Internal Control Systems June 27‚ 2011 Gary Godfrey Justification for an Internal Control System An internal control system is described as a way to control an organization better‚ minimize risk‚ reduce loss‚ and achieve goals. Two approaches‚ political and insurance‚ are used to justify the need for this type of system. Issues such as security valuation‚ asset allocation‚ optimization‚ and performance are considered with
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Justification for an Internal Control System ACC/544 December 2‚ 2013 Justification for an Internal Control System The internal control system has been used since the company was in need of the system and until this day it has been working to its fullest potential. Internal control plays an important key in making sure that the accounting information‚ financial data‚ meeting the targets‚ and ensuring that the management policies are getting followed. There are two elements in making an
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(1993). The concept map as a tool for the collaborative construction of knowledge: A microanalysis of high school physics students Schlag‚ S.‚ & Ploetzner‚ R. (2011‚ Nov). Instructional Science‚ 39(6)‚ 921-937. Sweller‚ J. (11994). Cognitive load theory: Learning difficulty and instruction design. Learning and Instruction‚ 4‚ 295-312 Wang‚ V Wilgis ‚ M.‚ & McConnell‚ J. (2008‚ March). Concept mapping: an educational strategy to improve graduate nurses’ critical thinking skills during a hospital orientation
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Justification for an Internal Control System Ginger Lankford Internal Control Systems ACC544 Robert J. Cornett‚ MBA October 4‚ 2010 Justification for an Internal Control System Businesses need an efficient and cost-effective internal control system even with insurance and a portfolio approach control in place. Insurance is necessary and the portfolio approach is very effective but is more reactive than preventive. Internal control sets the foundation to ascertain reasonable assurance
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Justification for an Internal Control System Pamela Kaminski ACC/544 April 25‚ 2011 Adriane Treasure Justification for an Internal Control System Insurance and portfolio approaches are good controls‚ but they are not enough to protect the company from risks. As a controller I encourage you and your leadership team to increase the internal controls in the company. The insurance and portfolio approaches will
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Justification for an Internal Control System Organizations that do not have the proper internal controls tend to deteriorate over time. Therefore‚ companies should incorporate effective internal control systems to accompany other risk management approaches like insurance and risk portfolio. Internal Control Systems can provide an additional reference tool for organizations to identify and assess operating controls‚ financial reporting‚ and regulatory compliance processes and to formulate preventive
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