Describe the behaviourist approach in psychology and evaluate the research methods used by behaviourist psychologists. The behaviourist approach in psychology states that all behaviour is learnt from experience and from the environment we are in. John Locke (1690) a psychologist described the mind as ‘Tabula Rasa’‚ believing when we are born our minds are completely blank slates‚ and that all of our behaviour is dependent upon our interactions and experiences with the environment. Behaviourists
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Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis and the psychodynamic approach to psychology. This school of thought emphasized the influence of theunconscious mind on behavior. Freud believed that the human mind was composed of three elements: the id‚ the ego‚ and the superego. Freud’s theories ofpsychosexual stages ‚ the unconscious‚ and dream symbolism remain a popular topic among both psychologists and laypersons‚ despite the fact that his work is viewed with skepticism by many today.
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Psyc 3331 Psychology of Gender Notes 02.02.05 Chapter 1 Key Terms Androcentric bias: discipline of psychology that is largely focused on men and describes men as superior and women as inferior. Bias in Research Methods: bias occurs in every part of the research process-from question formulation and research design to data analysis and interpretation Blatant sexism: occurs when women are treated in a transparently harmful and unequal way. Covert sexism: form of sexism that’s intentional
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Enduring Issues in Psychology Toni Blake • Which Type of Psychotherapy Is Most Useful? • Psychotherapy should focus on unconscious traumas • Psychotherapy should focus on irrational thought processes • Psychotherapy should focus on an individual’s potential • Psychotherapy should focus on changing • What Is Personality and How Is It Measured? • Unconscious instincts motivate personality • Social feeling motivates personality • A hierarchy of needs motivates personality • Personality
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Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior‚ emotion and thought‚ which may or may not be understood as precipitating a mental disorder. There is a long history of attempts to understand and control behavior deemed to be aberrant or deviant (statistically‚ morally or in some other sense)‚ and there is often cultural variation in the approach taken. The field of abnormal psychology identifies multiple different causes for different conditions‚ employing
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infer or make an intelligence guess about‚ the population Sample: a set of observations drawn from the population of interest. Samples are used most often because it is rare that we are able to study every person (or organization or laboratory rat) in a particular population. Researchers usually study a sample‚ but they are really interested in the population‚ which includes all possible observations about which we’d like to know something. Discrete Variables that can only take on specific values
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IB Psych Study Guide ABNORMAL To what extent do biological‚ cognitive‚ and sociocultural factors influence abnormal behavior? I. Introduction * Biological‚ cognitive‚ and sociocultural factors influence abnormal behavior to a great extent. * All influence abnormal behavior such as anxiety disorders‚ affective disorders‚ and eating disorders. * All of these factors are considered “risk factors” increasing a person’s likelihood of having an abnormal psychiatric outcome but do
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Psychology is the study of the human behavior especially how the mind of the human beings works. For many years‚ the behavior of human beings has been studied by very many scholars and they have come up with very many reasons as to why people behave in such a manner. However‚ as a student my main ambition is to become a drug and alcohol counselor. Therefore‚ this class of general psychology has helped me in building my career very much due to the course content value. Variation is one of the most
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cause-and-effect relationship between levels of acetylcholine and memory * Limitations – questionable to what extent these findings can be generalised to humans; assumed that memory processes are the same for all animals. Case study: PHINEAS GAGE Aim: the most famous study of how brain damage can affect behaviour * Phineas Gage‚ 25 years old railroad worker‚ got in a serious accident. While trying to blast through a rocky cliff‚ an explosion sent a metal pole through his skull. Iron entered Gage’s
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OCEAN v. Social cognitive theories of personality 1. Bandura’s Reciprocal Determinism 2. Rotter’s Locus of Control B. Measuring and studying personality i. Nature vs. Nurture 1. Minnesota twins studies/Jim study 2. Loehlin adoption studies 3. Cultural influence – Hofstede’s world-wide study ii. Personality assessment methods 1. Observation 2. Interviews 3. Personality Inventories a. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) b. California Personality Inventory (CPI) c. Myers-Briggs
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