TOK-science
TOK-SCIENCE
What is science?
-A body of knowledge
Natural sciences (physics, chemistry, biology) + human sciences
-A way of thinking
Science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge
This system uses observation and experimentation to describe and explain certain phenomena.
Observation: Science starts with the observable sense perception
Hypothesis: reason (sources)
Experiment: all WOKs
Results
Doctrine of science (NS)
All properties and events in the physical universe are governed by laws.
These laws a true at every time and place in the universe.
Assumes continuity of nature
Laws of gravity
Laws of thermodynamics
Laws of genetics
Difference that distinguish NS from HS to a large extent.
Distinguishable process in NS
The idea of testing these doctrines/theories (valuing skepticism)
Scientific inquiry cycle
Hypothesis (deduction) prediction (observation) test of prediction (induction) hypothesis
The premise provides evidential support for the conclusion, but does not guaranteed its truth.
It is compatible with the premise that there is an unobserved black swan.
Problem of induction
Simple induction lead to absurd conclusions“sound right”
Validity of the arguments are loaded with many logical fallacies.
Occam’s razor
“When faced with competing hypothesis, select the one that makes the fewest/simplest assumptions.”
If there are more than one explanation are equal in proof, the one with the empirical evidence is best.
Of two explanations are equal, the simplest one is the best.
But, ‘simple’ is subjective.
What makes science ”Scientific”?
Look for empirical proof to confirm the idea problem of induction conformation bias
Induce confirmation Deduce falsification
Inductive logic ideas
But they must be falsifiable in order to be scientific.
If we cannot objectively challenge an idea… it is not scientific… it is just an idea.
Central question in the philosophy of science distinguishing
What is science?
-A body of knowledge
Natural sciences (physics, chemistry, biology) + human sciences
-A way of thinking
Science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge
This system uses observation and experimentation to describe and explain certain phenomena.
Observation: Science starts with the observable sense perception
Hypothesis: reason (sources)
Experiment: all WOKs
Results
Doctrine of science (NS)
All properties and events in the physical universe are governed by laws.
These laws a true at every time and place in the universe.
Assumes continuity of nature
Laws of gravity
Laws of thermodynamics
Laws of genetics
Difference that distinguish NS from HS to a large extent.
Distinguishable process in NS
The idea of testing these doctrines/theories (valuing skepticism)
Scientific inquiry cycle
Hypothesis (deduction) prediction (observation) test of prediction (induction) hypothesis
The premise provides evidential support for the conclusion, but does not guaranteed its truth.
It is compatible with the premise that there is an unobserved black swan.
Problem of induction
Simple induction lead to absurd conclusions“sound right”
Validity of the arguments are loaded with many logical fallacies.
Occam’s razor
“When faced with competing hypothesis, select the one that makes the fewest/simplest assumptions.”
If there are more than one explanation are equal in proof, the one with the empirical evidence is best.
Of two explanations are equal, the simplest one is the best.
But, ‘simple’ is subjective.
What makes science ”Scientific”?
Look for empirical proof to confirm the idea problem of induction conformation bias
Induce confirmation Deduce falsification
Inductive logic ideas
But they must be falsifiable in order to be scientific.
If we cannot objectively challenge an idea… it is not scientific… it is just an idea.
Central question in the philosophy of science distinguishing