A BEGINNER’S GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF PLANT STRUCTURE_plant physiology full paper
ABSTRACT
The exercise was about the techniques in proper sectioning of plant tissues and staining techniques so that the study of plant structure will be easier. In free hand sectioning, the plant organ must be 45° upright and is held between the thumb and the base of the forefinger. A razor blade was used to cut the plant thinly in cross sections. Obliquely cut tissue is a big mistake since the surface of the tissue will not be even upon viewing under the microscope. Iodine-Potassium-Iodide (IKI) and Sudan IV were the dyes used to stain specific parts of the plant tissue. IKI is used to stain structures containing starch which is indicated by the color change from brown to reddish-brown or blue-black. The stem, leaf, and root cross sections all contain starch. The roots stained the darkest meaning starch is stored more in them. Sudan IV dye stains lipids into pink to red color. All cells in a plant tissue contain lipids so the stem, leaf, and root cross sections are expected to stain red. However, only the stem cross section was able to produce a positive result.
INTRODUCTION
Plant growth is considered different from the animal development. The environment serves as one of the main features for certain changes in plant morphology which lead to alteration of plant cells. Exposure to environmental features like water, nutrients and energy bases gives impact to the plant’s development, growth and physiological progressions at all ranks of organization (Bot, 2011).
There are minor differences of plant structure most especially the inner arrangements when exposed to varying environments. The internal organs do not exhibit homogeneous commonalities and sharp segregations though diverse cell layers and tissues are visibly seen (Yeung,1998).
This exercise is essential to study the anatomical aspects of plants and distinguish the type of tissues present through microscope viewing. This is done by familiarizing, performing
The exercise was about the techniques in proper sectioning of plant tissues and staining techniques so that the study of plant structure will be easier. In free hand sectioning, the plant organ must be 45° upright and is held between the thumb and the base of the forefinger. A razor blade was used to cut the plant thinly in cross sections. Obliquely cut tissue is a big mistake since the surface of the tissue will not be even upon viewing under the microscope. Iodine-Potassium-Iodide (IKI) and Sudan IV were the dyes used to stain specific parts of the plant tissue. IKI is used to stain structures containing starch which is indicated by the color change from brown to reddish-brown or blue-black. The stem, leaf, and root cross sections all contain starch. The roots stained the darkest meaning starch is stored more in them. Sudan IV dye stains lipids into pink to red color. All cells in a plant tissue contain lipids so the stem, leaf, and root cross sections are expected to stain red. However, only the stem cross section was able to produce a positive result.
INTRODUCTION
Plant growth is considered different from the animal development. The environment serves as one of the main features for certain changes in plant morphology which lead to alteration of plant cells. Exposure to environmental features like water, nutrients and energy bases gives impact to the plant’s development, growth and physiological progressions at all ranks of organization (Bot, 2011).
There are minor differences of plant structure most especially the inner arrangements when exposed to varying environments. The internal organs do not exhibit homogeneous commonalities and sharp segregations though diverse cell layers and tissues are visibly seen (Yeung,1998).
This exercise is essential to study the anatomical aspects of plants and distinguish the type of tissues present through microscope viewing. This is done by familiarizing, performing
References: Simpson, M. (2006) Plant systematics. San Diego, California: Elsevier Inc. Reece, J., et.al. (2011). Campbell: Biology. San Francisco: Pearson Education, Inc. Bot, Ann. (2011).An article about Annals of Botany.Using functional–structural plant modelstudy, understand and integrate plant development and ecophysiolog. Annals of Botany Oxford Journal. 108 (6): 987-989 Fircks, Y.V, Sennerby-Forsse, L Gibson, A. (2011). Types of roots.Retrieved from http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/generalbotany/typesofroots/ Gott, B., Barton, H., Samuel, D., Torrence, R. (2006). Biology of starch. Retrieved from http://www.ancientgrains.org/samuel2006starch1.pdf Ophardt, C. (2003). Starch-iodine. Retrieved from http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/548starchiodine.html Reusch, W. (May 5, 2013). Lipids. Retrieved from https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/lipids.htm SEFF staff. (December 21, 2009). Testing for lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. Retrieved from http://seplessons.ucsf.edu/node/362 Yeung, E. C. (1998). A beginner 's guide to the study of plant structure.Department of Biological Sciences.University of Calgary.pages 125-141. Retrieved from http://www.ableweb.org/volumes/vol-19/09-yeung/09-YEUNG.HT