1) The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located in the walls of the GI tract organ. (854)…
Name two feedback loops that regulate digestive system smooth muscle responsible for propulsive and mixing movements.…
a) the rhythmic contraction of the smooth muscle in the gut wall to push food along…
Swallowing is the involuntary contraction of pharyngeal muscles which sets peristalsis begins with coordinated contractions and relaxation of muscles in the esophagus and into the stomach, where she just had surgery.…
6. Peristaltic contractions of the stomach occur about 3-5 times per minute when food makes it into the body & fundus.…
Ingestion which takes in food, propulsion which contains peristalsis(alternates the contracting and relaxation) and segmentation(movement of food back and fourth across an organ mixing with the digestive juices),mechanical digestion(breaks food into smaller peices),chemical digestion(breakdown large molecules into their building blocks; occurs in the mouth, stomach, & small intestines),absorption(transport of nutrients from the blood or lymph), and defection(elimination of waste in a solid form)…
Strong contractions of the ascending and transverse colon moving the contents of the colon toward the sigmoid colon are called:…
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Mechanical digestion begins with the process of taking food into the mouth or ingestion and chewing it until it can be moved through the alimentary canal during the propulsion process. This process includes swallowing and in a series of muscle contractions and relaxation it is then moved from one organ to another. Swallowing is performed in the pharynx while peristalsis occurs in the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine. Breakdown of the food in the stomach, also called churning and in the small intestine are also part of the mechanical digestion process. When food leaves the stomach the process of chemical digestion begins. This is when carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are broken down into simple sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol, otherwise known as chemical building blocks. Enzymes are chiefly responsible for carrying out chemical digestion and are secreted in the central cavity of the alimentary canal.…
Signals from the SNS cause smooth muscles of the intestine to _excite_ contractions, while signals…
When ever I think of retracing the path that food takes throughout the body I instantly think of a Magic School Bus episode. The first part of digestion would be as soon as you use your sense of smell, which triggers your salivary glands to secrete saliva. Once you take your first bite, your saliva increases even more. You then break down the food by chewing. Even more saliva is produced so your body can absorb it. The next step is the going through the pharynx and esophagus. The throat, also know as the pharynx branches off into the esophagus, which carries the food from the throat to the stomach. Your tongue and roof of mouth are in charge of pushing the food into your throat. The esophagus is the extending tube that pushes foo through to the stomach. The contractions are called peristalsis. Right before the opening of the stomach is the lower esophageal sphincter. It allows food to pass into the stomach and closes it to make sure it does not come back up. The next stops are the stomach and the small intestine. The stomach’s muscular walls hold, mix, and grind food. It secretes acid that continues to break down your food. The food then moves to the small intestine, non-liquid remains are released from the stomach and continue through the intestines to be removed completely. The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum are the three parts that make up the intestine. They all break down food using enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver. In the intestine is where the body receives the most nutrients. After all the nutrients are absorbed by the small intestine, the large intestine moves what is left to the large bowel or colon. The colon is a 5 to 7 foot long tube connecting the small intestine to the rectum. The waste or stool left over from digestion passes through the colon as first a liquid form then a solid form. It usually takes 36 hours…
Pertussis has made a reemergence in well-vaccinated populations. Pathogenic adaptation and the decrease in strength are most likely the cause of the reemergence of pertussis. There is pressure for vaccine research because of the resurgence of the pathogen. Pertussis remains one of the leading causes of vaccine preventable deaths in infants under 1 year of age. Pertussis is a Gram-negative, bacillus called Bordetella pertussis. This bacterium binds to the ciliated epithelial cells in the nasopharynx of the upper respiratory tract. Disease presentation depends on age and history of previous infection or vaccination. Young infants present apnea and cyanosis, with or without disease symptoms. Adults and teens usually show mild symptoms, and have a typical prolonged cough. The human Bordetellea are classified as monomorphic, but there is evidence of genetic variation in B. pertussis. As far as vaccines, there are two types of licensed pertussis vaccines. The first generation is whole cell vaccines (WCVs), which are killed cells. The second generation is acellular vaccines (ACVs), which contain virulence factors. The WCVs contain whole dead cells that can cause more adverse effects compared to ACVs, which have been gradually replacing WCVs. Some of the virulence factors that the ACV uses are pertactin, filamentous hemagglutinin, two fimbriae serotypes, and chemically detoxified pertussis toxin. WCVs induce type 1 helper T cells, which assist cytotoxic T cells. WCVs also induce a broad antibody response against a range of surface antigens. ACVs induce type 2 helper T cells, which assist B cells. It causes a high antibody response against the vaccine antigens presented. Both of these vaccines give satisfactory long-term protection against pertussis. WCV is estimated to protect for 4-12 years and the AVC could last 5-7 years. Programs to vaccinate began in the 1950s with the WCV. This caused a dramatic drop in mortality and morbidity in children.…
Pertussis is an important communicable disease in which we must be aware of, it is exceedingly contagious. The main sign that one portrays when this disease is present is uncontained aggressive coughing, which can lead to difficulty in breathing to some individuals. Whooping cough is also another name for pertussis mainly because a whooping sound is heard when the patient tries to breath. Pertussis, is an upper respiratory infection caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacteria. Common cold like symptoms occur about a week after exposure to Bordetella pertussis bacteria. The whoop noise is rare in patients under 6 months of age and in adults.…
every part of the gastrointestinal tract is designed to help in the digestive process in a specific way. The mouth is involved in chewing also know as masticating. The purpose is to break down food into small enough pieces to pass through the esophagus and enter the stomach. The food is moistened with saliva helping turning it into bolus in order to turn initiate the digestion of food. The esophagus is a tube like muscle which use contractions to pass food from the mouth into the stomach it does not help with the digestive or absorptive function. The stomach acts like a sort of storage depot for food, but also acts as a place in which mechanical and chemical breakdown of food happens. The small intestine absorbs water, electrolytes, proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Whereas the large intestine is where the food matter and water that can’t be absorbed is the formed into stools. The rectum is a temporary storage area for feces before passed.…
Pathophysiology: Diverticulitis, is characterized by inflamed diverticuli and increased luminal pressures that cause erosion of the bowel wall and thus microscopic or macroscopic perforation into the peritoneum. A localized abscess develops when the body is able to wall off the area of perforation (Lewis, 2011, pp.1022-1029).…