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A Manuscript accepted for publication in Psychological Assessment. ©Psychological Assessment, American Psychological Association. http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/pas/index.aspx This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in the APA journal. It is not the copy of record.

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The Wartegg Zeichen Test: A Literature Overview and a Meta-Analysis of Reliability and Validity

Jarna Soilevuo Grønnerød Fredrikstad, Norway

Cato Grønnerød University of Oslo, Norway

Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Cato Grønnerød, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1094 Blindern, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway. E-mail should be addressed to Jarna Soilevuo Grønnerød: jarna.soilevuo@gronnerod.net

Abstract All available studies on the Wartegg Zeichen Test (WZT; Wartegg, 1939) were collected and evaluated through a literature overview and a meta-analysis. The literature overview shows that the history of the WZT reflects the geographical and language-based processes of marginalization where relatively isolated traditions have lived and vanished in different parts of the world. The meta-analytic review indicates a high average inter-scorer reliability of rw = .74 and high validity effect sizes for studies with clear hypotheses of rw = .33. Although the results were strong, we conclude that the WZT research has not been able to establish cumulative knowledge of the method because of the isolation of research traditions.

2 The Wartegg Zeichen Test: A Literature Overview and a Meta-Analysis of Reliability and Validity

The Wartegg Zeichen Test (WZT or Wartegg Drawing Completion Test) was introduced by Ehrig Wartegg (1939) as a method of personality evaluation within the Gestalt psychological tradition in Leipzig, Germany (on the early history of the method, see Klemperer, 2000; Lockot, 2000; Roivainen, 2009). The WZT form consists of a standard A4-sized paper sheet with

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