Dial up access connects to the internet when the computer the computer dials a phone number which is the IPS address using the modem. Dial up is an analog connection because data is sent over an analog, public telephone network. The modem converts received analog data to digital and visa versa. Because dial-up access uses normal telephone line the quality and the connection is not always good. Typical speed is 56kbps which is kilo bits of data per second.…
evaluations a priming task was used where participants were shown 40 prime words where 10 were…
Retrieval Cues- hints that make it easier for us to recall information EX. “Do you remember the word that went with ‘A part of the body’?” “Finger”…
A student named Dashawn was chosen to help prepare for an activity, Sight Word Bingo. He was instructed to give each student a bingo card. Deshawn perform the task beautifully. Mrs. Thomas also ask Zoe to assist her in preparing for Sight Word Bingo. Zoe's task was to give each student 8 tokens or coins to cover the site word or letter.. Zoe was an excellent helper.…
The data analyzed supports the hypothesis that the related distractor words would be more likely be reported than the unrelated distractor words. This most likely occurred due to the notion that the idea of many of the words presented are related to the distractor, and most likely the participant thought about the distractor item as the words were being shown. At test, the participant has a memory of thinking about the word, but thought this was because it was presented rather than realizing it had was just a thought about the word. The of an association between similar meaning words can create a falsified schema, in which people can create false memories. (Goldstein, 2015, p. 225) Which resulted in this study of participants having false memories…
‘The ability to read images is just as important as the ability to read text’…
recall the event and in the amount of information needed to recognize a visual or…
In a study carried out by Brainerd and Reyna in 2007, first, fifth and ninth grade students were presented a list of words called the ‘study list’ (as cited in Association for Psychological Science, 2007). Many of the words from the ‘study list’ were related to each other, by belonging to certain categories such as animals or furniture, whilst there were other words, which were unrelated ‘filler’ words. After a short break, the students were presented with a new ‘test list’, which was composed of study list words, new words belonging to the aforementioned categories, and new distracter words that were unrelated to the study list. Then students were asked to identify if they had previously heard the word from the ‘test list’ in the ‘study list’. Brainerd and Reyna found that if the ‘test list’ had words of semantic relation to the ‘study list’, older students are more likely to assert that they have heard it before. In conclusion younger children are unable to connect the meaning of words or events compared to adults or adolescents. Furthermore older children and adults are more suggestible to the formation of false memories as they are more vulnerable to making semantic relation memory…
In the first experiment, the “Ss” were divided into two groups. Two types of stimuli were used on them: national names which were presented digitally through PowerPoint (CS names) and words which were presented orally by the instructors called “E” (US words). For the second stimulus, the “Ss” were required to repeat the word out loud immediately after “E” had pronounced it. Two tasks were first given to the “Ss.” The first task was to learn five visually presented national names, each shown four times in random order, and “Ss” were required to recall them in order to test their learning. The second task was to study 33 auditorily presented words. In order to test their learning, after repeating each word aloud after “E”, “Ss” were then presented 12 pairs of words and they were required to recognize which one of each pair had just been presented by…
Roediger and McDermott (1995) replicated research by James Deese’s (1959) by using the six lists from Deese's study that were the most successful in producing false recall. Roediger read the lists of 12 words to a class of students, and after each list asked them to recall as many words as possible from that list. Following the recall of the sixth list the students were given a pen-and-paper recognition memory test: a list of words comprising 12 studied and 30 nonstudied items (including the critical lures) on which the students rated how confident they were that each word had appeared on one of the previous lists. The results showed that students recalled the critical lure 40% of the time, and that most were confident that the critical lures had actually appeared on the lists (Roediger & McDermott,…
Using 80 mono and di-syllabic words to present to their participants along with an added 40 unrelated lures selected for the recognition task, they had their critical and unrelated lures match on several factors including word length. Furthermore, each word had two versions (one pronounced by a native American English speaker vs one spoken by a native Dutch speaker). Participants (all native English speakers) were presented with the word lists and had to either simply listen or listen and repeat the word. After listening to all the words, they were asked to freely recall the words they had been presented and following a second filler math problem task were given the recognition task where they were instructed to identify whether they had heard the word before or not. In a second experiment, the same procedure described above was performed with the exclusion of a free recall task prior to the recognition task to negate any carryover effects from the recall…
Students were presented with 6 lists of 15 words each. After listening to each list we were asked to write down all the words that we remembered. Subsequently, we were given a 36 word recognition test. This test was comprised of 12 correct words, 12 critical non-represented words, and 12 completely unrelated words. Based on the research by Roediger and McDermott I hypothesized that I would find a similarly high percentage of false recall and false recognition items. I expected that at least 30 – 40 percent of my answers would be critical words. However the results were surprising; out of the 15 words on each list, on average I remembered 6.5 correctly, with a high of 10 and a low of 4. However, I did not have any incorrect responses, bringing the percentage of falsely recalled words to 0%. On the false recognition test I had 9/12 correct words, 1/12 critical non-represented words, and 0/12 unrelated words. The full results are shown…
This artifact is a lesson that was created and delivered in a Fourth Grade Language Arts and Reading Class at Palm Spring Elementary School. The lesson was aligned with the Language Arts Florida Standards. The standards based content area objectives were presented and learned through literacy based strategies and activities which supported that understanding word meaning is essential to reading success. When developing this artifact I took into account the Gardner's theory about the multiple intelligences since I use a wide variety of strategies in this lesson such as music, cooperative learning, multimedia, inner reflection, graphic organizers, and technology based on the idea that individuals learn differently, at different rates, and by different methods, so they possess distinct forms of intelligence. Reading and writing activities are dependent on…
Some kids may not learn or develop language skills outside of school but I was very fortunate to have my parents to help me develop those skills. Learning the alphabet and sight words helped me learn how to read and write. Going to school helped out a lot to get an understanding of what was going on but I really learned at home. When I was in school I would get the basics so when I got home is where I would study and learn more with the help of my mom. I learned the alphabet, sight words, learning to read a chapter book, and eventually being able to read and write.…
An investigation into the effects of memory recall of hierarchal and unstructured lists of words.…