Visibility
VISIBILITY
Introduction
1. Aviation industry is full of accidents involving the loss of thousands of lives and economic loss worth billions of dollars. Critical analysis of the aviation accident revealed that nearly 90 percent of the accidents are due to the human factor. Explanation of the human factor is a long discussion and if analyzed is due to the error of judgment. A good judgment is only possible with adequate knowledge and it is only the correct understanding of these phenomenons which makes pilots to sail through the hazards. One of the factors in flying is the environmental factor and within this the most common factor is visibility.
Aim
2. To teach the visibility and its limiting factors.
Preview
3. The lecture will be covered in the following sequence:- a. Definitions. b. Factors Affecting Visibility. c. Effect of Moon or Sun. d. Oblique Visibility. e. Descriptive Terms. f. Measurement by Day and Night. g. Causes of Poor Visibility. h. Local Trends of Visibility. i. Comprehension Check. j. Conclusion.
Definitions
4. Visibility. Greatest horizontal distance at which objects can be seen and recognized by an observer with normal sight and under conditions of ordinary day light visibility.
5. The greatest distance at which lights of 1,000 candelas can be seen and identified against an unlit background. (Wikipedia)
6. The ability, as determined by atmospheric conditions and expressed in units of distance, to see and identify prominent unlighted object by day and prominent lighted object by night. (Federal Aviation Regulations) a. Flight Visibility. The visibility forward from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight. (Figure 1) b. Ground Visibility. The visibility at an aerodrome as reported by an accredited observer. c. Runway Visual Range. The range over which the Pilot of an aircraft on the centerline of a runway can see the runway surface marking of the lights delineating the
Introduction
1. Aviation industry is full of accidents involving the loss of thousands of lives and economic loss worth billions of dollars. Critical analysis of the aviation accident revealed that nearly 90 percent of the accidents are due to the human factor. Explanation of the human factor is a long discussion and if analyzed is due to the error of judgment. A good judgment is only possible with adequate knowledge and it is only the correct understanding of these phenomenons which makes pilots to sail through the hazards. One of the factors in flying is the environmental factor and within this the most common factor is visibility.
Aim
2. To teach the visibility and its limiting factors.
Preview
3. The lecture will be covered in the following sequence:- a. Definitions. b. Factors Affecting Visibility. c. Effect of Moon or Sun. d. Oblique Visibility. e. Descriptive Terms. f. Measurement by Day and Night. g. Causes of Poor Visibility. h. Local Trends of Visibility. i. Comprehension Check. j. Conclusion.
Definitions
4. Visibility. Greatest horizontal distance at which objects can be seen and recognized by an observer with normal sight and under conditions of ordinary day light visibility.
5. The greatest distance at which lights of 1,000 candelas can be seen and identified against an unlit background. (Wikipedia)
6. The ability, as determined by atmospheric conditions and expressed in units of distance, to see and identify prominent unlighted object by day and prominent lighted object by night. (Federal Aviation Regulations) a. Flight Visibility. The visibility forward from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight. (Figure 1) b. Ground Visibility. The visibility at an aerodrome as reported by an accredited observer. c. Runway Visual Range. The range over which the Pilot of an aircraft on the centerline of a runway can see the runway surface marking of the lights delineating the