Ventilator Associated Pneumonia

Analytic and Continental Philosophy of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Hospital acquired infections (HAI) have become a major problem for patients’ outcomes and hospitals due to increase costs. The advancement made in medicine, technology, and general knowledge has increased the life expectancy. With this increase, patients are however sicker and have multiple comorbidities that make their care increasingly complex. Barrett, Smith, Elixhauser, Honigman, and Pines (2014) researched the utilization of intensive care units (ICU) and discovered that within nine years ICU stays increased three times within the time span (p. 1) or more specifically according to the Society of Critical Care Medicine (2016), there are about 5.7 million ICU admissions
Empirical knowing can be viewed as concrete, cause and effect, or facts from studies. Esthetic knowing helps nurses perceive and want to understand the why. Ethical knowing helps the nurse in determining what is right or wrong, what is should and should not be done, and is based on respect of patients. Lastly, personal knowing can simply be defined as our own experiences, how nurses feel, and it effects the quality of care nurse provide (Brugger and Madison, 2015). The four patterns of knowing can influence a practitioner by examining self to eliminate bias, treat patients equally, remain current on evidence based practices, and seek to understand patients as a whole. Carper’s four ways of knowing can help practitioners identify what their weaknesses are and strive to improve the care provided to patients. McGovern, Lapum, Clune, and Martin (2013) integrated Carper’s four ways of knowing into the simulations for undergraduate nursing students. Their simulations aimed at educating students on experiencing patient care in a clinical sense and experience the art of nursing. Without Carper’s ways of knowing being the fundamental basis of design and delivery, students focused primarily on the physical aspect of care. The design helped developing a relationship and realizing self-bias that could shape interaction (pp.
There have been many studies done to support the analytical philosophy of this phenomenon of interest (POI) through the ventilator bundle. The continental philosophy does help define the POI more in depth. Through Carper’s ways of knowing, nursing staff who are in direct contact with patients can use the qualitative and quantitative data provided to influence their