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Urbanisation in India

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Urbanisation in India
Urbanisation in India

Urbanisation in India was mainly caused after independence, due to adoption of mixed system of economy by the country which gave rise to the development of private sector. Urbanisation is taking place at a faster rate in India. Population residing in urban areas in India, according to 1901 census, was 11.4%.[1] This count increased to 28.53% according to 2001 census, and crossing 30% as per 2011 census, standing at 31.16%.[2][3]According to a survey by UN State of the World Population report in 2007, by 2030, 40.76% of country's population is expected to reside in urban areas.[4] As per World Bank, India, along withChina, Indonesia, Nigeria and the United States, will lead the world's urban population surge by 2050.[2]

Mumbai saw large scale rural-urban migration in the 21st century.[see main] Mumbai accommodates 12.5 million people, and is the largest metropolis by population in India, followed by Delhi with 11 million inhabitants. Witnessing the fastest rate of urbanisation in the world, as per 2011 census, Delhi's population rose by 4.1%, Mumbai's by 3.1% and Kolkata's by 2% as per 2011 census compared to 2001 census. Estimated population, at the current rate of growth, by year 2015 of Mumbai stands at 25 million, Delhi and Kolkata at 16 million each, Bangalore and Hyderabad at 10 million. [5]

Causes of urbanisation in India[edit]

The main causes of urbanisation in India are:

• Expansion in government services, as a result of Second World War • Migration of people from Pakistan after partition of India[18][21][22] • The Industrial Revolution[23] • Eleventh five year plan that aimed at urbanisation for the economic development of India[24] • Economic opportunities are just one reason people move into cities • Infrastructure facilities in the urban areas[25] • Growth of private sector after 1990 .[26]

Consequences of urbanisation

Rapid rise in urban population, in India, is leading to many problems like
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