Two Wheeler Technologies
Two Wheeler Technologies
An insight in to measures taken in India to lower the emissions of 2-stroke two wheelers Dr. M Subramanian
Senior Research Manager Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Research and Development Centre Faridabad, India
SAE – EC JRC Joint International Conference (Particle) Emissions of 2-stroke Scooters – science, problems, solutions & perspectives Autodromo Nazionale Monza / Milano / Italy June 11th – 12th, 2009
OVERVIEW
Introduction Two Wheeler Industry Two Wheeler Technology Two Wheeler Exhaust Emission Norms Future Technologies Two Wheeler Manufacturers Conclusion
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INDIAN TWO WHEELER INDUSTRY yIndia, is the second largest producer of two-wheelers in the world. In the last few years, the Indian twowheeler industry has seen spectacular growth. The country stands next to China and Japan in terms of production and sales respectively. yMajority of Indians, especially the youngsters prefer motorbikes rather than cars. Capturing a large share in the two-wheeler industry, bikes and scooters cover a major segment. Bikes are considered to be the favorite among the youth generation yLarge variety of two wheelers are available in the market, known for their latest technology and enhanced mileage. Indian bikes, scooters and mopeds represent style and class for both men and women in India.
Growth of Two wheeler Industry
4
Sustaining of 2-Stroke Engine Two-stroke two-wheelers had higher emission levels than the four-stroke engines. As a result of tighter emissions norms, it was thought that the two-stroke engine will die a natural death. Technological capabilities of the Indian automakers with tremendous R&D work to put 2-stroke engines and they are continuing with their two-stroke models. BS-I Catalytic converters BS-II -Combination of bigger sized catalysts, dual catalyst system and secondary air injection as needed to reduce emissions BS-IV BACK TWO – STROKE ENGINE TECHNOLOGY
5
Scenario in 1990
Before 1990 –
An insight in to measures taken in India to lower the emissions of 2-stroke two wheelers Dr. M Subramanian
Senior Research Manager Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Research and Development Centre Faridabad, India
SAE – EC JRC Joint International Conference (Particle) Emissions of 2-stroke Scooters – science, problems, solutions & perspectives Autodromo Nazionale Monza / Milano / Italy June 11th – 12th, 2009
OVERVIEW
Introduction Two Wheeler Industry Two Wheeler Technology Two Wheeler Exhaust Emission Norms Future Technologies Two Wheeler Manufacturers Conclusion
2
INDIAN TWO WHEELER INDUSTRY yIndia, is the second largest producer of two-wheelers in the world. In the last few years, the Indian twowheeler industry has seen spectacular growth. The country stands next to China and Japan in terms of production and sales respectively. yMajority of Indians, especially the youngsters prefer motorbikes rather than cars. Capturing a large share in the two-wheeler industry, bikes and scooters cover a major segment. Bikes are considered to be the favorite among the youth generation yLarge variety of two wheelers are available in the market, known for their latest technology and enhanced mileage. Indian bikes, scooters and mopeds represent style and class for both men and women in India.
Growth of Two wheeler Industry
4
Sustaining of 2-Stroke Engine Two-stroke two-wheelers had higher emission levels than the four-stroke engines. As a result of tighter emissions norms, it was thought that the two-stroke engine will die a natural death. Technological capabilities of the Indian automakers with tremendous R&D work to put 2-stroke engines and they are continuing with their two-stroke models. BS-I Catalytic converters BS-II -Combination of bigger sized catalysts, dual catalyst system and secondary air injection as needed to reduce emissions BS-IV BACK TWO – STROKE ENGINE TECHNOLOGY
5
Scenario in 1990
Before 1990 –