The Use of Shaft in the Construction of Tunneling

A
TERM PAPER
ON
THE USE OF SHAFT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELING

PREPARED BY
OJUBOLAMO OYELAYO OMOLAYO
FPA/QS/10/3 – 0040
LEVEL: HND II

SUBMITTED TO
THE DEPARTMENT OF QUANTITY SURVEYING
SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
THE FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, ADO – EKITI
EKITI STATE

LECTURER IN CHARGE
BLD. OLADIPO
SEPTEMBER, 2012
THE USE OF SHAFT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELING Shaft construction describes the building of vertical openings such as Raises and shafts. Shafts are vertical openings used for supplying equipment, personnel and support systems in the horizontal tunnel where the pipeline is installed.
DEFINITIONS, APPLICATIONS, SHAPES.
RAISINGS
Raisings are driven in the upward direction. They can be vertical or steeply inclined. During raising, gravity assists in drilling and mucking thereby making the process faster and heaper (R.Tatia, 2005)
SHAFTS
Shafts are vertical openings which are driven downward. Decisions about the size shape and positioning of shafts and raisings are taken based on the purpose they are intended to serve. Usually circular shafts are preferred in almost all situations because they are very stable. Also, when strata should be built, we can use the advantages or rectangular or elliptical shafts and use their cross sectional areas (R. Tatia, 2005).
APPLICATIONS
According to (R. Tatia, 2005) applications of raises and shafts are listed below.
(1) Hydro – Electric projects
 Surge chamber
 Ventilation shaft
 Elevator shaft
 Pressure shaft
 Cable shaft
(2) Water supply
 Access or service shaft
 Ventilation
 Supply riser
 Uptake or down – take shaft
(3) Waste water shafts
 Drop shafts
Tunnel projects
 Ventilation
 Accelerators housing
 Access
RAISE DRIVING TECHNIQUES One classification for the raises is based on the application of explosives that is to say with and without explosives while driving. The line diagram below show a classification of raising techniques.
Conventional