The Phases And Development Of Natioanalism (Rezette 1955)

Natioanalism(Rezette 1955). This decree of reorganization of the law in the Berber regional courts which was also stamped by the Sultan created an outcry at the Grand Mosque and it was named as Berber Dahir.
This sparked the protest which spread all over the nation and special prayer “Latif Prayer “or not an usual prayer invoked in mosques during a calamity of drought, floods, but here it was invoked for assistance against the French who were creating a rift or separation of Arabs from the Berbers was used in mosques to publicize and energize the demonstrations.

Oh God, the Benevolent, we ask of You benevolence in whatever fate brings, and do not separate us from our brothers, the Berbers.
Modified Latif prayer (ref Jonathan Wrytzen,2009)
Development of a modern colonial state with specialists, bureaucratic, subduing the rural zones and setting up infrastructure to link the two, 2. Legitimate control of the state involving the rival description of the nation. The period between 1929 until the independence reveals the nature of different tactics and ideologies of the movement, which were engaged for wide spread participation in the national struggle and protest.
The development of the national movement can be divided into 3 phases , 1. 1930 Reformist movement with intial protest against the Berbers
2. Birth of Istiqlal party and violent cycles of protest of the exile of major Moroccan leaders which bought the demands of independence in open
3. Efforts to involve the french allies, arab world and the US to end the colonization and birth of Moroccan Sovereignty with I vital role of the Sultan.
Istiqlal party reformed by new generation of educationists who studied in the French Modern colleges and the revolutionists such as Mahdi Ben Barka, who were able to restart promoting the sense of nationalism and demanding independence. In 1943 it formed into Hizbul Istiqlal (PI-Independence Part) drawing the final struggle for freedom. It was the most influential and highly organized force. They organized themes to appeal Arab and Muslim brother to Arab Honour and Berber
In his early period of 1920’s who would be only an authority to stamp the dahir ,to nationalist hero, the “Commander of the Faithful” who, from the mid-1940s championed aspirations for independence. During the final years of protectorate (1950s) he advocated himself as the figure head of the nation. The Sultan pressed for more powers and state Autonomy from the Protectorate. He integrated the Berber identity into an Arab Islamic Nationalist identity. This allowed Morocco to position itself in the broader Arab identity.
In 1952, the leaders of the Istiqlal party who were the major political force in collaboration with the Sultan, reconciled the identity of the official modern nation state, emphasizing the country’s Muslim and Arab Heritage.
Open confrontation of the Sultan resulted his exile in Madagascar who on his return pressed for state Autonomy. His welcome at home had an intense impact on the building of the modern