The Motor Effect
2.1 Motors use the effect of forces on current-carrying conductors in magnetic fields
2.1.1 The motor effect
The motor effect is where a force acts on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.
The right hand palm rule is used to find certain properties: fingers point to magnetic field, thumb points in DC direction and palm points to direction of the force.
2.1.2 Factors affecting the force acting on the current-carrying conductor Forces are experienced by the electrons in the conductor and are affected by: * Length of conductor (longer conductor means more electrons hence more electrons experiencing the force) * Strength of magnetic field (more force on electrons) * Amount of current in conductor (more current results in more electrons) * Angle between conductor and field
The amount of force can be calculated by F=BILsinѲ
2.1.3 Forces between parallel current-carrying wires The force per unit length for two long parallel wires is proportional to the product of the currents and inversely proportional to their separation. Mathematically: F/L=Ki1i2/d where K is a constant of 2x10-7. The force is attractive if the currents travel in the same direction and repulsive if they travel in opposite directions.
2.1.4 Torque Torque = Force X perpendicular distance from the fulcrum to the line of action of the force. Torque can be increased by increase force and/or increasing distance from the fulcrum to where the force is applied.
2.1.5 Torque on a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field
Torque on a current carrying conductor depends on: * Number of coils (n) * Strength of magnetic field (B) * Size of current (i) * Area of coil (A) and angle to field
By increase the number of coils, the torque increases since every coil experiences the same force. τ=nBiAcosѲ
2.1.6 Electric motors Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. A coil with current flowing in it, when placed in a magnetic field
2.1.1 The motor effect
The motor effect is where a force acts on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.
The right hand palm rule is used to find certain properties: fingers point to magnetic field, thumb points in DC direction and palm points to direction of the force.
2.1.2 Factors affecting the force acting on the current-carrying conductor Forces are experienced by the electrons in the conductor and are affected by: * Length of conductor (longer conductor means more electrons hence more electrons experiencing the force) * Strength of magnetic field (more force on electrons) * Amount of current in conductor (more current results in more electrons) * Angle between conductor and field
The amount of force can be calculated by F=BILsinѲ
2.1.3 Forces between parallel current-carrying wires The force per unit length for two long parallel wires is proportional to the product of the currents and inversely proportional to their separation. Mathematically: F/L=Ki1i2/d where K is a constant of 2x10-7. The force is attractive if the currents travel in the same direction and repulsive if they travel in opposite directions.
2.1.4 Torque Torque = Force X perpendicular distance from the fulcrum to the line of action of the force. Torque can be increased by increase force and/or increasing distance from the fulcrum to where the force is applied.
2.1.5 Torque on a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field
Torque on a current carrying conductor depends on: * Number of coils (n) * Strength of magnetic field (B) * Size of current (i) * Area of coil (A) and angle to field
By increase the number of coils, the torque increases since every coil experiences the same force. τ=nBiAcosѲ
2.1.6 Electric motors Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. A coil with current flowing in it, when placed in a magnetic field