Preview

The Hubris Hypothesis of Corporate Takeovers

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
8676 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
The Hubris Hypothesis of Corporate Takeovers
The Hubris Hypothesis of Corporate Takeovers Author(s): Richard Roll Source: The Journal of Business, Vol. 59, No. 2, Part 1 (Apr., 1986), pp. 197-216 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2353017 Accessed: 10/02/2010 10:10
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR 's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR 's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucpress. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.

The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Business.

http://www.jstor.org

Richard Roll
University of California, Los Angeles

The Hubris Hypothesis of Corporate Takeovers*

Finally, knowledge of the source of takeover gains still eludes us. [Jensen and Ruback 1983, p. 47]
I. Introduction

Despite many excellent research papers, we still do not fully understandthe motives behindmergers and tender offers or whether they bring an increase in aggregatemarketvalue. In their comprehensive review article (from which the



References: Asquith, P. 1983. Merger bids, uncertainty, and stockholder returns. Journal of Financial Economics 11 (April): 51-83. by saying, I think we are justified in doubting .. . the argument that mergers are done to maximize stockholder wealth." Foster (1983) seems to share this view or at least the view that bidders make big mistakes. Larcker (1983) presents interesting results that managers in large takeovers are more likely to have short-term, accounting-based compensation contracts. He finds that, the more accounting-based the compensation, the more negative is the market price reaction to a bid. Larcker also suggests that managers who own less stock in their own company are more likely to make bids. Hubris Hypothesis of Corporate Takeovers 215 Asquith,P.; Bruner,R. F.; and Mullins,D. W., Jr. 1983.The gains to biddingfirmsfrom merger.Journal of Financial Economics 11 (April):121-39. Bradley,M. 1980.Interfirm tenderoffers and the marketfor corporatecontrol.Journal of Business 53 (October):345-76. Bradley,M.; Desai, A.; and Kim, E. H. 1982.Specializedresourcesand competitionin the market for corporate control. Typescript. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, GraduateSchool of Business. Bradley, M.; Desai, A.; and Kim, E. H. 1983a. Determinantsof the wealth effects of corporateacquisitionvia tenderoffers:Theoryand evidence. Typescript.Ann Arbor: Universityof Michigan,GraduateSchool of Business. Bradley, M.; Desai, A.; and Kim, E. H. 1983b.The rationalebehindinterfirm tenders offers: Information synergy?Journal of Financial Economics 11 (April):183-206. or Bradley, M., and Wakeman,L. Mac. 1983.The wealth effects of targetedsharerepurchases. Journal of Financial Economics 11 (April):301-28. Capan,E. C.; Clapp,R. V.; and Campbell,W. M. 1971.Competitive biddingin highrisk situations.Journal of Petroleum Technology (June), pp. 641-53. Chung, K. S., and Weston, J. F. 1982. Diversification and mergersin a strategiclongrangeplanning framework.In M. Keenanand L. I. White(eds.), Mergers andAcquisitions. Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath. Chung,K. S., and Weston, J. F. 1985.Model-created bias in residualanalysisof mergers. Workingpaper. Los Angeles: University of California,Los Angeles, Graduate School of Management. Dann, L. Y., and DeAngelo, H. 1983.Standstillagreements,privatelynegotiatedstock repurchases,and the marketfor corporatecontrol.Journal of Financial Economics 11 (April):275-300. DeAngelo, H., andRice, E. M. 1983.Antitakeover charteramendments stockholder and wealth. Journal of Financial Economics 11 (April):329-60. Dodd, P. 1980.Mergerproposals,managerial discretionand stockholder wealth.Journal of Financial Economics 8 (June): 105-38. Dodd, P., and Ruback, R. 1977. Tender offers and stockholderreturns:An empirical analysis. Journal of Financial Economics 5 (December): 351-74. Dougherty,F. L., and Lohrenz,J. 1976.Statisticalanalysisof bids for Federaloffshore leases. Journal of Petroleum Technology (November),pp. 1377-90. Eckbo, B. E. 1983. Horizontalmergers, collusion and stockholderwealth. Journal of Financial Economics 11 (April):241-73. Eger, C. E. 1983.An empiricaltest of the redistribution effect in pureexchangemergers. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 18 (December):547-72. Firth, M. 1980. Takeovers, shareholderreturnsand the theory of the firm. Quarterly Journal of Economics (March):235-60. Foster, G. 1983. Commentson M & A analysis and the role of investmentbankers. Midland Corporate Finance Journal 1 (Winter):36-38. Halpern, P. J. 1973. Empiricalestimates of the amount and distributionof gains to companiesin mergers.Journal of Business 46 (October):554-75. Jarrell, G. A. 1983. Do acquirers benefit from corporate acquisition? Typescript. Chicago:Universityof Chicago,Centerfor the Study of the Economyand the State. Jensen, M. C., and Ruback, R. S. 1983. The marketfor corporatecontrol. Journal of Financial Economics 11 (April):5-50. Kahneman,D.; Slovic, P.; and Tversky, A. 1982.Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. New York: Cambridge UniversityPress. Kummer,D. R., and Hoffmeister,J. R. 1978. Valuationconsequences of cash tender offers. Journal of Finance 33 (May):505-16. Langetieg, T. C. 1978. An applicationof a three-factorperformance index to measure stockholdergains from merger.Journal of Financial Economics 6 (December):36583. Larcker, D. 1983. Managerialincentives in mergers and their effect on shareholder wealth. Midland Corporate Finance Journal 1 (Winter):29-35. Lev, B. 1983. Observationson the mergerphenomenonand review of the evidence. Midland Corporate Finance Journal 1 (Winter):6-16. Linn, S. C., and McConnell, J. J. 1983. An empiricalinvestigationof the impact of "antitakeover"amendmentson commonstock prices. Journal of Financial Economics 11 (April):361-99. 216 Journal of Business Malatesta,P. H. 1983.The wealtheffect of mergeractivityandthe objectivefunctionsof mergingfirms.Journal of Financial Economics 11 (April):155-81. Masulis,R. W. 1980.The effects of capitalstructurechangeon securityprices:A study of exchangeoffers. Journal of Financial Economics 8 (June): 139-77. Miller,E. M. 1977.Risk, uncertaintyand the divergenceof opinion.Journal of Finance 32 (September):1151-68. Oskamp,S. 1965. Overconfidence case studyjudgments.Journal of Consulting Psyin chology 29 (June):261-65. Ruback,R. S. 1982.The Conoco takeoverand stockholderreturns.Sloan Management Review 14 (Winter):13-33. Ruback,R. S. 1983. The Cities Service takeover:A case study. Journal of Finance 38 (May):319-30. Ruback, R. S., and Mikkelson,W. H. 1984. Corporateinvestmentsin common stock. Workingpaper. Cambridge: MassachusettsInstituteof Technology, Sloan School of Business. Schipper, K., and Thompson, R. 1983. Evidence on the capitalizedvalue of merger activity for acquiringfirms.Journal of Financial Economics 11 (April):85-119. Tversky, A., and Kahneman,D. 1981.The framingof decisions and the psychologyof choice. Science 211 (January30): 453-58. Reprintedin Peter Diamondand Michael Rothschild. 1978. Uncertainty in Economics. New York: AcademicPress. Varaiya,N. 1985.A test of Roll 's HubrisHypothesis of corporatetakeovers. Working paper. Dallas, Tex.: SouthernMethodistUniversity, School of Business. Vermaelen,T. 1981.Commonstock repurchaseand marketing signalling: empirical An study. Journal of Financial Economics 9 (June): 139-84.

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Hrm 531 Week 3 Quiz

    • 862 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Managers who face the threat of hostile takeovers are less likely to pursue policies that maximize shareholder value compared to managers who do not face the threat of hostile takeovers.…

    • 862 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Ravenscraft, David J. & Scherer, F.M. (1987), Mergers, Sell-offs and Economic Efficiency. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.…

    • 2202 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    Eagles Electronics Case

    • 3249 Words
    • 13 Pages

    Cremers, N. & Kose, J.2009, Takeovers and cross-section of returns: Review of financial studies, 22, pp. 1409-1445…

    • 3249 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Better Essays

    Extended Essay

    • 1587 Words
    • 7 Pages

    In order to achieve economic goals, stay competitive and improve market position, firms have to advance with times by executing all kinds of strategies, one of which is acquisition. “An acquisition resembles more of an arm’s-length deal, with one firm purchasing the assets or shares of another, and with the acquired firm’s shareholders ceasing to be owners of that firm” (Sudarsanam, 2003). Serving as an important capital restructuring tool, acquisition offers firms a conceivable opportunity for development by taking over another firm economically and legally. This essay aims to demonstrate that initially firms can achieve growth by the means of the acquisition of another firm, but the long-term effect of acquisition appears to be a double-edged sword. Targeted financial indicators will be cited to support this view, and different factors, which include stock market value, shareholders’ income, firm management, external pressure, supply of resources and internal cooperation, will be discussed respectively.…

    • 1587 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    This case study examines the proposed merger of Vulcan Materials and Martin Marietta both providers of construction aggregates. A stock-for-stock merger had the potential of making the company a global leader in construction materials, but was marred by disagreements over executive succession, location of new headquarters and the stock exchange proposed by Martin Marietta. Furthermore, as negotiations deteriorated Martin Marietta attempted a hostile takeover of Vulcan and also tried to get its directors appointed to Vulcan’s board. However, a court ruling determined that Martin Marietta was in breach of its NDA by using numbers determined from its merger valuation to determine the latest bid. In addition to this the court placed an injunction that prevented Martin Marietta from participating in the upcoming board elections. While the merger was unsuccessful, we use this case to study the market reaction to the merger announcement, valuation of the offer and the associated abnormal returns. We conclude with our interpretation of the proposed merger.…

    • 1439 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Does M&a Add Value?

    • 2939 Words
    • 12 Pages

    Bibliography: Goergen, M. and Renneboog,L., 2003. Shareholder wealth effects of European domestic and crossborder takeover bids. European Corporate Governance Institute Finance Working Paper Roll, R., 1986. The hubris hypothesis of Corporate Takeovers, Journal of Business 59, 197-216 Servaes,H., 1991. Tobin’s Q and the gains from takeovers. Journal of Finance 46, 409-419 Kaplan,S and Weisbach,M.,1992. The Success of Acquisitions: Evidence from Divestitures, Journal of Finance 47, 107-138. Jensen, MC., 1986. Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance and takeovers. American Economic Review 76, 323-329 Asquith, P; Bruner, R; and Mullins,F., 1987. Merger returns and the form of financing. Working Paper, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard Business School Bruner, R., 2001. Does M&A Pay? A Survey of Evidence for the Decision-Maker. Batten Institute Working Paper, Darden Graduate School of Business Caves, R., 1989. Mergers, Takeovers and Economic Efficiency. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 7 151-174 Meeks,G., 1977. Disappointing Marriage: A Study of Gains from Merger. Cambridge University Press Huang,Y and Walkling,R., 1989. Target Abnormal Returns Associated with Acquisition Announcements: Payment, Acquisition Form and Managerial Resistance, Journal of Financial Economics Yook, K.C., 2000. Larger Return to Cash Acquisitions: Signalling effect or Leverage effect? Working Paper, Johns Hopkins Gregory, A., 1997. An Examination of the Long Run Performance of UK Acquiring Firms. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 971-1002 Loughran,T and Vijh,A., 1997. Do long term shareholders benefit from corporate acquisitions? Journal of Finance, 52 1765-1790 Lang,L; Stulz,R; and Walkling,R.,1989. Managerial Performance, Tobin’s Q and Gains from Successful Tender Offers. Journal of Financial Economics 24 137 - 154 Lewellen,W; Rosenfeld,A., 1985. Merger Decisions and Executive Stock Ownership in Acquiring Firms. Journal of Accounting and Economics 7 209-231 Berger,P.G and Ofek, E.,1995. Diversification’s Effect on Firm Value. Journal of Financial Economics 37 39-65 Bloomberg for accounting and financial data…

    • 2939 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Finance

    • 5399 Words
    • 22 Pages

    References: Bertoncelj, A. (2006) “Corporate restructuring and controlling interest”, Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Oeconomica, Vol. 51, No.1, pp. 59-73.…

    • 5399 Words
    • 22 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Tyco Ethics Paper

    • 1501 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Hsieh, J., Lyandres, E., & Zhdanov, A. (2011). A theory of merger-driven IPOs. Journal Of…

    • 1501 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Swott

    • 1444 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Dec 19, 2006 – Pearce, J. A., II and Robinson, R. B., Jr. 2004. “Hostile Takeover Defenses that Maximize Shareholder Wealth…

    • 1444 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    Performance Pay

    • 3676 Words
    • 15 Pages

    The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Political Economy.…

    • 3676 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Resistances to hostile takeover and its intensity depend to a large extent on the different groups holdings , differences among the management and shareholders and the shareholding pattern .…

    • 1696 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of Ethics.…

    • 6053 Words
    • 17 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    References: 1. Berle, A.A. and Means, G.C. (1932). The Modern Corporation and Private Property. The Macmillan Company, New York, NY. 2. Dolmat-Connell, J. (2002). Carrots and Sticks. Forbes, p.42. 3. Jensen, M. (1986). Agency cost of free cash flow, corporate finance and takeovers. American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings 4. Jensen, M. (1989). Eclipse of public corporation. Harvard Business Review 5. Jensen, M. and Meckling, W. (1976). Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behaviour, Agency Costs, and Ownership Structure. Journal of Financial Economics, pp.305-360. 6. Jensen, M. and Ruback, R. (1983). The market for corporate control: The Scientific Evidence. Journal of Financial Economics, 11, pp. 5-50. 7. Lang, L., Stulz, R. and Walking, R. (1991). A test of the free cash flow hypothesis. Journal of Financial Economics, 27.…

    • 2496 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Merger of Banking Sector

    • 7637 Words
    • 31 Pages

    References: Aharon David Y, Gavious Ilanit & Yosefa Rami (2010), “Stock Market Bubble Effects on Mergers and Acquisitions”, The Quarterly Review Of Economics and Finance, 50, 456– 470. Retrieved From http://Web2.Ono.Ac.Il/Shauserpublish/Files/1.Pdf. Anand Manoj & Singh Jagandeep (2008), “Impact of Merger Announcements on Shareholder‘sWealth Evidence from Indian Private Sector Banks”, Vikalpa, Volume 33, No 1 January - March Retrieved from Http://Papers.Ssrn.Com/Sol3/Papers.Cfm?Abstract_Id=977119&Rec=1&Srcabs=163507 7. Bhaskar A Uday, Ratnam C.S Venkata & Bhal Kanika T (2009), “Role of Communication and HR Integration: A Study of a Bank Merger”, Retrieved From Http://Www.IleraOnline.Org/15thworldcongress/Files/Papers/Track_1/Poster/Cs1w_13_Bhaskar.Pdf. Goyal Dr. K.A. & Joshi Vijay (2011), “Mergers in Banking Industry of India: Some Emerging Issues”, Asian Journal of Business and Management Sciences, Issn: 2047-2528, Vol. 1 No. 2, [157-165], Retrieved From Www.Ajbms.Org/Articlepdf/Ajbms,1231.Pdf. Hijzen Alexander, Gorg Holger & Manchin Miriam (2008), “Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions and The Role Of Trade Costs”, European Economic Review, 52, 849–866, Retrieved From Http://Www.Me.Titech.Ac.Jp/~Wata_Lab/Pdf/13-E.Pdf. Kuriakose Sony & Gireesh Kumar G. S (2010), “Assessing the Strategic and Financial Similarities of Merged Banks: Evidence from Voluntary Amalgamations in Indian Banking Sector”, Sci. & Soc, 8(1) 49-62, Retrieved From Http://Ieg.Ignou.Ac.In/Wiki/Images/B/B4/Science_And_Society.Pdf. Kuriakose Sony, Raju M.S. Senam & Narasimham N V. (2009), “Voluntary Amalgamations in Indian Banking Sector: Valuation Practices and Adequacy of Swap Ratios”, Retrieved From Http://Papers.Ssrn.Com/Sol3/Papers.Cfm?Abstract_Id=1653698. Lehto Eero & Bockerman Petri (2008), “Analyzing The Employment Effects Of Mergers And Acquisitions”, Journal Of Economic Behavior & Organization, 68, 112–124, Retrieved From Http://Www.Petribockerman.Fi/Lehto&Bockerman_Ana_2008.Pdf.…

    • 7637 Words
    • 31 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Literature and Society

    • 6821 Words
    • 28 Pages

    The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Journal of Sociology.…

    • 6821 Words
    • 28 Pages
    Powerful Essays

Related Topics