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The Early Development of Gender Differences

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The Early Development of Gender Differences
University of Nebraska - Lincoln

DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Faculty Publications, Department of Psychology

Psychology, Department of

10-1-2009

The Early Development of Gender Differences
Matthew H. McIntyre
University of Central Florida, mmcintyr@mail.ucf.edu

Carolyn P. Edwards
University of Nebraska - Lincoln, cedwards1@unl.edu

Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/psychfacpub
Part of the Psychiatry and Psychology Commons
McIntyre, Matthew H. and Edwards, Carolyn P., "The Early Development of Gender Differences" (2009). Faculty Publications,
Department of Psychology. Paper 402. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/psychfacpub/402 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Psychology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, Department of Psychology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of
Nebraska - Lincoln.

Published in Annual Review of Anthropology 38 (October 2009), pp. 83-97; doi: 10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164338 Copyright © 2009 by Annual Reviews.
Used by permission. http://anthro.annualreviews.org
Published online June 17, 2009.

The Early Development of Gender Differences
Matthew H. McIntyre 1 and Carolyn Pope Edwards 2

1 Department of Anthropology,
University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816; email mmcintyr@mail.ucf.edu
2 Departments

of Psychology and Child, Youth, and Family Studies,
University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588; email cedwards@unlnotes.unl.edu

Abstract
This article reviews findings from anthropology, psychology, and other disciplines about the role of biological factors in the development of sex differences in human behavior, including biological theories, the developmental course of sex differences, and the interaction of biological and cultural gendering processes at different ages.



Cited: Alexander GM. 2003. An evolutionary perspective of sex-typed toy preferences: pink, blue, and the brain Alexander GM, Hines M. 1994. Gender labels and play styles—their relative contribution Alexander GM, Hines M. 2002. Sex differences in response to children’s toys in nonhuman Anthes N, Michiels NK. 2007. Precopulatory stabbing, hypodermic injections and unilateral copulations in a hermaphroditic sea Archer J, Birring SS, Wu FCW. 1998. The association between testosterone and aggression among young men: empirical findings and a meta-analysis. Aggressive Behav. Ruble, and Szkrvbalo (2002). Psychol. Bull. Biringen Z, Emde RN, Brown D, Lowe L, Myers S, Nelson D. 1999. Emotional availability and emotion communication in naturalistic mother-infant interactions: evidence for gender relations M, Suwalsky JTD, et al. 2008. Mother-child emotional availability in ecological perspective: three countries, two regions, two genders Bourdieu P. 1990. La domination masculine. Actes Rech. Sci. Soc. 84:3–31 Bribiescas RG A nthropology 38 (2009) Burgess KB, Marshall PJ, Rubin KH, Fox NA. Burnham TC. 2007. High-testosterone men reject low ultimatum game offers. Proc. R. Soc. Campbell DW, Eaton WO. 1999. Sex differences in the activity level of infants Cashdan E. 1995. Hormones, sex, and status in women Cleveland HH, Udry JR, Chantala K. 2001. Environmental and genetic influences on sextyped behaviors and attitudes of male and female adolescents Batki A, Ahluwalia J. 2000. Sex differences in human neonatal social perception

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