The incubation period for Clostridium tetani Infection is from three to twenty - one days. In most cases tetanus is found within 10 days of contact with the bacteria. The incubation period is depending on the severity of the infection. When the wound is deep or more infected with the C. tetani the incubation period will be shorter and the chances of death are high. When contacted with C. tetani some of the symptoms can include involuntary muscle tightening such as stiffness in the jaw which is why it tetanus is also known for lockjaw. Other common symptoms that can occur are headache, fevers, and an elevated blood pressure and heart rate. Tetanus infection can last up to six months or more, depending on the severity and if it is treated as soon as possible. It is possible for death to occur if not treated on time. Researchers have not found a cure but have found how to fight back the bacteria. This disease is run by the Central Nervous System in which control the movement of the body. Other complications that can occur if someone has C. tetani can include having fractured bones due to all the movement of the body. Also complications with breathing because the passageway of air in the throat.…
The pathogen that would be reviewed during this essay is going to be Clostridium Botulinum. Clostridium Botulinum are rod-shaped bacteria. They live and grow in low oxygen conditions. Clostridium Botulinum causes botulism in the human body. Botulism neurotoxin causes paralysis to the nerves so that the muscles cannot contract. This happens when the neurotoxin enter the nerve cells and eventually interferes with the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, so the nerve cannot stimulate the muscle to contract. Unless the nerve can regenerate a new axon, organelle of a nerve cell, that has no exposure to the neurotoxin, the interference at the neuromuscular junction is permanent. This is why it takes so long to recover from botulism and also…
Clostridium Difficile is a Gram-positive, toxin-producing anaerobic bacterium belonging to the family Clostridiaceae of the Clostridiales. Though strictly oxygen-intolerant, C. Difficile is able to produce aero tolerant endospores under unfavorable conditions that are capable of persisting in an open environment for years. C. Difficile is a commensalist species typically housed in the colonic fecal flora of a fairly small subset of the child population, with the number of carriers decreasing as children age. [1] When it exists in small numbers, this organism remains non-pathogenic. However, when it does manage to colonize and yield larger populations, its pathogenicity becomes the root cause of a variety of colon infections.…
BOTOX, Dysport, Xeomin (onabotulinumtoxinA, BTX-A); BTX-B (Myobloc), BTX, BoNT, BTX A-G, C. Botulinum, botulinum toxin; and since 2013, BTX-H; These are all terms synonymous or derived from the most dangerous toxin known to humankind, Botulism. Botulism is the term used most often to describe the serotypes derived from Clostridium botulinum. C. botulinum it 's purported, was first isolated as a bacterium by Belgium bacteriologist Emile Pierre van Ermengem in 1897. Botulism (Latin, botulus, meaning "sausage") was prior to coined by poet and physician…
Signs and symptoms of C. diff include diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and nausea. Severe cases can lead to fever, elevated white blood cell count, indicative of…
Oughton, M. T., Loo, V. G., Dendukuri, N., & Fenn, S. (2009). Hand hygiene with soap and water is superior to alcohol rub. The Society for Healthcare…
clostridial myonecrosis. The toxin involved in gas gangrene is known as α-toxin, which inserts into the…
On November 14, 2012, Rita Bernstein visited Bergen Community College to talk about Escherichia Coli O157:H7. Escherichia coli or better known as E.coli is a tube-shaped bacterium that is found in the stomachs of warm-blooded animals. O157:H7 is a member of the E.coli family, which produces shiga toxin, and are capable of producing bloody diarrhea. E.coli O157:H7 attacks red blood cells, it interrupts flow of oxygen, and it breaks down walls of vessels.…
Tara Dactyl was a 6-year-old girl from Jurassic Park, Maryland. She was admitted into the hospital two days ago from experiencing paralysis in her face, muscle weakness and slurred speech. Doctors have been working nonstop to find out what is wrong, hoping she does not become completely paralyzed. They are waiting for lab results to come back from Tara’s feces sample. The doctors think that Tara is experiencing botulism or Guillan-Barre Syndrome, both have similar symptoms. The thing doctors should be expecting and looking for is me, Clostridium botulinum.…
Clostridium Difficile is an infectious disease that is healthcare related requiring immediate attention by hospital staff. If left untreated this disease can become fatal. The mortality rate for patients that are diagnosed with severe Clostridium Difficile is 30 to 85 percent of patients that h better education for staff about the symptoms and means of spreading , prescribing fewer antibiotics unnecessarily, and introducing ways to help the patient deal with the antibiotics, and berrer hand washing for all staff ("Clostridium Difficile Infection," 2010). By making sure, that all health providers clean their hands with soap and water before and after caring for a patient, we can prevent the spread of this infection ("Clostridium Difficile Infection," 2010). Treatment for Clostridium Difficile can depend on the severity of the symptoms that are presented (Keske & Letizia, 2010).…
Clostridium tetani is a pathogenic bacterium. It is a gram positive bacillus, which means it possesses thick cell walls made of peptidoglycan and appear as rod shaped. C. tetani is an obligate anaerobe that form spores which are resistant to heat and exposure to oxygen (Brüggemann, 2015). This ability to form spores allows the cell to survive in harsh conditions, packing everything it needs to survive until conditions improve. C. tetani is found mostly in warm, damp areas, especially in soil, but can also be found in the intestines or feces of many animals (Wells, 1983). The medical importance of bacterial endospores is significant. While it is typically pretty easy to kill off vegetative cells, no matter how scary a pathogen they may be, bacterial…
“Frequently Asked Questions about Clostridium difficile for Healthcare Providers.” Healthcare-associated Infections. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 25 Nov. 2010. Web. 19 June 2011. <http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/organisms/cdiff/Cdiff_faqs_HCP.html>.…
One of the most common foodborne illnesses in the United States is Clostridium perfringens (C.perfringens). According to the Center for Disease Control, it is responsible for approximately one million cases of foodborne illness each year (Center for Disease Control, 2011). This bacterium is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium. This means that it requires little to no oxygen to survive. It is found in many environmental sources including soil, sewage, raw meats, and vegetables as well as in the intestines of humans and animals. The bacterium creates a toxin in the intestines.…
“Outbreaks of botulism arising from consumption of vegetables in oil " including garlic, olives, mushrooms, beans and hot peppers " have mostly been attributed to products not being properly prepared.”…
Having the ability to collect and identify unknown microorganisms is vital in health and medicine. This capability is important for a variety of reasons, such as knowing the causative agent of disease, knowing if the microorganism obtains any beneficial properties and knowing the correct microorganism to use to create a successful antibiotic. Implementing the experimental methods learned thus far in the microbiology laboratory allowed an unknown bacterium to be identified as a result of this study. This study allows the student to exercise their ability to use and understand sterile techniques, transmission, and prevention of microorganisms.…