He presents stories that show the unfortunate situations or events that come with the fast food industry triggering an emotional response from his audience. In Chapter 9, Schlosser tells the story of a boy named Alex who was infected with E. Coli O157:H7 from a contaminated hamburger. The descriptive narration makes an impactful argument by showing how the current unsanitary conditions in slaughtering houses can affect one’s health. He colorfully illustrates the boys physical account showing how his reaction “ progressed to diarrhea that filled a hospital toilet with blood. …Toward the end, Alex suffered hallucinations and dementia, no longer recognizing his mother or father. Portions of his brain had been liquefied..." (Schlosser 200). By using the vivid details of the effect E. Coli had on this six-year old boy, fear is elicited from adult readers. Their children may be subjected to the harmful pathogen if they continually turn a blind eye from where their meat is obtained. To further emphasize his point of the spread of bacteria via meat and the need for change in the industry he states, “You 'd be better off eating a carrot stick that fell in you toilet than one that fell in your sink" (Schlosser 221). The bold, imaginative statement taps into the reader’s senses leaving them with a feeling of…
The most important fact that should come out of microbiology is the “profound influence” that microorganisms have on the aspects of earth (Cowan, 2012).…
E. coli can come from getting rid of waste through dumping, broken septic tanks, household pet waste, livestock, and storm water runoff.…
By slowly narrowing down the bacteria by each test, I will be able to conclude the unknown bacteria by its special characteristics.…
coli is a gram negative, bacterium found in the lower intestine of warm blooded organisms. Although E.coli strains are harmless there are serotypes that can cause food poisoning in humans. [2] Harmless strains can be found in the flora of the gut and produce vitamin k¬¬2 and prevent pathogenic bacteria from establishing and are therefore beneficial to the host. The major cause for disease is fecal to oral transmission. It is an ideal candidate for bacterial transformation because it is made of only one cell, reproduces every 20 minutes, is not harmful to people, and cannot survive outside the…
Clostridium Difficile is known to be a notorious infection to cause foul smelling diarrhea, very well known to almost every healthcare worker. It is one of the most difficult infections to treat in the current healthcare industry, and most often related to the use of antibiotics during healthcare treatment. Clostridium Difficile is a spore-forming, gram-positive anaerobic toxin-producing bacterium that is a “common” inhabitant of the colon flora in human infants and sometimes in adults. Clostridium Difficile contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls. As spores, rod-shaped, the bacteria look like drumsticks, with a bulge located at one end. C. Difficile produces an S layer (polysaccharide capsule) that makes it pathogenic. Five of 15 strains of Clostridium Difficile are known to possess multiple polar fimbriae, which were 4–9 nm in diameter and up to 6 μm long. There was no direct correlation between the presence or absence of fimbriae and the toxigenic status of the organism.…
E.coli is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family which is also where Salmonella typhinurium is also classified. E.coli lives in the intestines of humans and can cause many infections ranging in severity. It doesn 't even require any growth factors, and can synthesize all essential purines, pyrimidines, amino acids and vitamins, starting with their carbon source, as part of their own intermediary metabolism (Todar). I was nervous about working with E.coli and bacteria because in general before starting this lab because of some of the symptoms they can cause. Especially intestinal swelling (MedLineplus). Even with that stated I have grown to enjoy this experiment and have learned so much valuable information that will benefit me in my nursing…
Escherichia coli. (2008, May 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 03:33, May 12, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Escherichia_coli&oldid=211679577…
B. cereus causes food poisoning, and there are two toxins involved; the emetic toxin and the diarrheal toxin. Nausea and vomiting are the main symptoms of the emetic toxin of B. cereus, and these symptoms kick in after approximately 1 -6 hours (incubation period) after ingestion. This form of B. cereus illness lasts about 8 to 10 hours. The diarrheal toxin has symptoms of watery diarrhea, abdominal pain and nausea that take an average of 7 to 20 hours (incubation period) to kick in. It is produced in the bowel lumen and it is the action of the bacterium on the small intestine that causes the diarrhea (1, 3). This form lasts about 20 – 36 hours (3). The emetic form is caused by a previously formed heat resistant toxin while the diarrheal from is caused by an in vivo production of a non heat resistant toxin. Both toxins can be formed outside the body and get in via vehicle transmission.…
Pathogenicity: The organism is able to cause disease. E. faecalis can cause life-threatening infections in humans, especially in the nosocomial (hospital) environment, where the naturally high levels of antibiotic resistance found in E. faecalis contribute to its pathogenicity. E. faecalis can cause endocarditis and bacteremia, urinary tract infections (UTI), meningitis, and other infections in humans. Several virulence factors are thought to contribute to E. faecalis infections. A plasmid-encoded hemolysin, called the cytolysin, is important for pathogenesis in animal models of infection, and the cytolysin in combination with high-level gentamicin resistance is associated with a five-fold increase in risk of death in human bacteremia patients. A plasmid-encoded factor called "aggregation substance" is also important for virulence in animal models of infection. Enterococcus faecalis causes the majority of human enterococcal infections. These infections may be local or systematic and include urinary tract and abdominal infections, wound infections, bacteremia, and endocarditis. Since E. faecalis are capable of surviving numerous environmental challenges (such as temperature extremes and the presence of bile salts) and because they can…
Anyone can get Salmonella, but it is most common in children under 5 (and in the elderly). Millions of cases occur each year in the United States, and at least half of them are in children. Salmonella is found in almost all kitchens. Thankfully, proper food handling, cooking, and cleaning will reliably kill the Salmonella bacteria. Eating raw or undercooked eggs, poultry, or red meat is a common cause of infection. So is cross contamination from uncooked poultry or red meat in the kitchen. Contamination can also come from animal products or infected people involved in food preparation. Children can also get sick from drinking raw milk (unpasteurized milk) or from eating unwashed fruits or vegetables. Poultry, livestock, amphibians, and reptiles can carry Salmonella. Children can get sick from playing with or handling these animals if the bacteria get in the children's mouths. Drinking contaminated water is a major source of Salmonella worldwide, and is one of the reasons that a clean water supply is so important. (2) Samonellosis symptoms include diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, chills, headache and vomiting. (1) The onset of symptoms usually occurs within 6 to 72 hours after the ingestion of the bacteria. The infectious dose is small, probably from 15 to 20 cells. (3) Most commonly, Salmonella causes gastroenteritis with cramping, diarrhea, abdominal tenderness, vomiting, and fever. The diarrhea is usually watery, but may contain…
In the film Food Inc. the director, Robert Kenner decided to have a mother, Barbara Kowalcyk, tell her story to the audience about the son she had lost due to an E-coli outbreak. Mrs. Kowalcyk tells the viewers that her son was diagnosed with hemolytic-uremic syndrome through a burger he ate that had been contaminated with E. Coli. She…
Escherichia Coli is a bacteria found in the environment, foods and intestines of people and animals. The bacterium E. Coli O121 can cause bloody diarrhea and dehydration. When symptoms are noticed, seek for emergency medical care right away. There are other food diseases that can cause a poor sickness. The cheese biscuit mix had flour in it that was contaminated with…
In this experiment the purpose is to seek understanding between an organism and its use of oxygen. Oxygen is a very important part of the organisms’ survival. Oxygen has a tendency to form very reactive by-products inside a cell. These by-products create havoc by reacting with protein and DNA, thus inactivating them. Cells that are able to live in the presence of oxygen have evolved enzymes to cope with H2O2 and O2- and thus are not inhibited by O2. Also many anaerobes have oxygen labile Fe-S centers and no cellular machinery to protect them from the oxidizing power of oxygen. Organisms that cannot deal with the problems presented by oxygen cannot survive in air and are killed (Anaerobic Organisms Wikipedia).…
E. coli O157H7 What is the morphology and gram reaction of this pathogen (2) E. coli, including E. coli O157H7 is a gram-negative bacillus. What do (i) O157 and (ii) H7 attached to the name of this bacterium represent (2). The O157 is the O HYPERLINK http//www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asparticlekey5469 serotype antigen that identifies the E. coli strain, and the H7 represents the antigen type on the HYPERLINK http//www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asparticlekey2416 bacteriums flagella. This strain of E. coli was harmless until it acquired the gene for a toxin via a genetic mechanism call transduction. Describe how a bacterium can acquire new genes by transduction. (2) With transduction the transfer of DNA between organisms involves mediation of viruses called bacteriophages or phages. A phage infected a susceptible bacterium and during its process of replication and assembly a phage incorporates a segment of bacterial DNA. The bacterium will lyses and releases the mature phages. One of the phages has the incorporated bacterial DNA, that one are called defective virus. This defective virus infected other bacterium but instead of injecting viral nucleic acid it is injecting bacterial DNA. The new infected bacterium will recombine its own DNA with the received bacterial DNA from the phages. The virus will not replicate or lyses the cell because it is a defective virus. The bacterium survives and can use this new genetic material that was incorporated into its chromosome. In what year did this strain of E. coli first appear (1) E. coli O157H7 was first recognized as a pathogen in 1982. Name the toxin produced by this strain. State whether it is an endotoxin or an exotoxin. (2) The name of the toxin is Shiga-like toxin (SLT), it is also known by verocytotoxin. This toxin is an exotoxin. What is the incubation period of this disease (1) The incubation period is usually 2 to 5 days after infection with a range of 1 to 10 days. State 4 signs/symptoms of…