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Research Work on the Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation on Health

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Research Work on the Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation on Health
International Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences 6 2012

Estimation of Electromagnetic Radiation from Base Station Antenna
R. K. Singh
Abstract—In the present paper, an observation of electromagnetic radiation from base station antennas installed for various communication purposes has been done on the basis of equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) calculations. For this purpose, a typical wireless communication site has been selected where GSM, CDMA, 3G/UMTS and WiMAX antennas are installed. The overall ration of EIRP and threshold EIRP combining all these services have been calculated at ground level (0.03133648), and nearby building (0.0126787). It has been found that the ratio of EIRP and threshold EIRP is less than unity and thus the particular site is normally compliant and does not cause any adverse health effects. For the general public, the exclusion zone (compliance distance) from GSM, CDMA, 3G/UMTS and WiMAX antennas have been found at 8.103m, 6.755m, 6.466m, and 7.196m, respectively. Keywords—Compliance distance, EM radiation, Equivalent isotropically radiated power, Non-ionizing radiation. I. INTRODUCTION Several surveys have found a variety of self-reported symptoms for people who live close to base stations [4]-[6]. Collectively, they have not provided evidence of a relationship, but they have had sufficient limitations to leave the question unresolved [7]-[8]. ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) study has concluded that the exposure levels due to cell phone base stations are generally around one-ten-thousandth of the guideline levels [9]. Moreover, the WHO has classified mobile phone radiation on the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) scale into Group 2B - possibly carcinogenic to humans [10]. That means that there ‘could be some risk’ of carcinogenicity, so additional research into the long-term, heavy use of mobile phones/wireless technologies needs to be conducted.There is a need


References: [1] INTERPHONE Study Group, “Brain tumour risk in relation to mobile telephone use: Results of the INTERPHONE international case-control study,” Int. J. Epidemiol, vol. 39, pp. 675-694, 2010. IEGMP (Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones), “Mobile Phones and Health.,” IEGMP, Chilton, 2000. SCENIHR (Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks), “Health Effects of EMF,” EC, Brussels, 2009. R. Santini, P. Santini, JM Danze, P. LeRuz, and M. Seigne, “Survey study of people living in the vicinity of cellular phone base stations,” Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine (London: Informa Healthcare), vol. 22, no.1, pp. 41–49, January, 2003. Enrique A Navarro, J. Segura, M. Portolés, Gómez-Perretta de Mateo, and Claudio, “The Microwave Syndrome: A preliminary study in Spain,” Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine (London: Informa Healthcare), vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 161–169, December, 2003. G. Abdel-Rassoul, O. Abou El-Fateh, M. Abou Salem, A. Michael, F. Farahat, M. El-Batanouny, and E. Salem, “Neurobehavioral effects [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] among inhabitants around mobile phone base stations,” Neuro Toxicology (New York, NY: Elsevier Science), vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 434– 440, March, 2007. [7] Anthony J. Swerdlow, Maria Feychting, Adele C Green, Leeka Kheifets, and David A Savitz, “Mobile phones, brain tumours and the Interphone study: Where are we now?,” Environmental health perspectives, pp. 122, July, 2011. [8] A. Ahlbom , M. Feychting, A. Green, L. Kheifets, DA Savitz, and AJ Swerdlow, “Epidemiologic evidence on mobile phones and tumor risk: A review,” Epidemiology, vol. 20, pp. 639-652, 2009. [9] IARC. (2011). IARC classifies radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Available: http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2011/pdfs/pr208_E.pdf [10] Ekta Singh “Cell phone hazards and recommendations,” J. of Telecommunications, vol. 59, no. 6, pp, 44-50, 2011. [11] ITU-T Recommendation K.52, Guidance on complying with limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields, Switzerland, Geneva, Dec. 2004. 120 International Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences 6 2012 [12] Recommendation ITU-T K.61, Guidance on measurement and numerical prediction of electromagnetic fields for compliance with human exposure limits for telecommunication installations, Switzerland, Geneva, Feb., 2008. [13] ITU-T Recommendation K.70, Mitigation techniques to limit human exposure to EMFs in the vicinity of radiocommunication stations, Switzerland, Geneva, June, 2007. R. K. Singh was born in Jaunpur, India in 1978. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Electronics and Communication Engg. from MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India in 2002. He was recipient of Senior Research Fellowship at Centre of Advanced Study, Electronics Engg., IT-BHU, Varanasi. He is currently with Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. . and also pursuing his Ph.D. degree in Electronics Engineering from IT-BHU, Varanasi, India. His current research interests include wired and wireless technologies; electromagnetic radiation; analysis, design and simulation of high-power high-frequency microwave devices and systems for communication purposes. 121
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