What is bone’s Extracellular matrix made up of? 13. What is calcification? 14. What is ossification? 15.…
A 10-year-old boy is seen for evaluation of short stature and tibial deformity. His past medical history is notable for term birth with the following birth parameters: birth weight was 2460 grams (30 ng/ml), elevated alkaline phosphatase level (491 U/L; normal 100-325 U/L), normal calcium and phosphorous levels, and elevated spot urine N-terminal telopeptides (NTx; 574 nM BCE/mM Cr; normal 152-505 nM BCE/mM Cr). Bone mineral density by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) showed a total body Z-score of -3.4 indicating bone mineral density below normal range. Molecular genetic testing identified a pathogenic mutation in the IFITM5 gene, confirming a diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta, type V.…
4. You should see a large bone and a short, slender, spiny bone. The large bone is the tibio-tarsus (equivalent to the tibia in humans) and the short bone is the fibula. Separate the two bones.…
Which ossification method would form a femur? The femur is formed through the endochondral ossification process. This is where bone replaces the cartilage. There are six steps in this type of ossification and they are as follows: the development of the cartilage model, the growth of the cartilage model, the development of the primary ossification center, the development of the medullary cavity, the development of the secondary ossification center, and the formation or articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate…
The femur is formed through the endochondral ossification process. This is where bone replaces the cartilage. There are six steps in this type of ossification and they are as follows; one the development of cartilage model, two the growth of the cartilage model, three the development of the primary ossification center, four the development of the medullary cavity, five the development of the secondary ossification centers, and six the formation of articular cartilage and the epiphyseal plate…
Spongy bone is the internal while the compact are the external layer. Osteogenic cells are the stem cell of the bones. The osteoblast are the matrix-synthesizing cell that is responsible for bone growth while the osteocyte is mature bone cells that monitor and maintain the mineralized bone matrix. Osteocytes are bone reabsorbing cells.…
Because of this, FOP is often misdiagnosed as cancer or fibrosis. This mistake can lead to dire results, as any attempt of treatment, often a biopsy, will only exacerbate the development of ossified tissue. For reasons unknown to doctors, children born with FOP often have deformed big toes. It is thought that this could be caused by a missing joint or a minor lump on the joint. The first instance of lump flare-ups will usually occur at or before age ten. The course of ossifying tissue will usually progress from the top of the body down, mirroring the formation of bones in a growing fetus. Growth will generally begin at the neck in most examples, and then spread to the shoulders, arms, chest, and then work its way down to the feet. In some cases, bone growth is not dependent on damage done to the tissue. The lumps caused by FOP can appear suddenly and at random. They can appear all over the body, typically the mouth and chest and rib cage. These can lead to trouble speaking and eating, and in the chest can restrict the lungs and diaphragm which can lead to breathing…
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive, more commonly known as ‘Stone Man’s Syndrome’ or the abbreviation ‘FOP’, is genetic disease involving the body’s connective tissue. It is one of the medical world’s most rare and debilitating illnesses. As its common name says, Stone Man’s Disease causes “bone tissue begins to grow where muscles, tendons, and other connective tissues should be, effectively restricting movement” (Torres, 2013). As a result, the boy’s ligaments, tendons, and muscles form into solid bone. The individual with the disease will eventually develop a second skeleton over top of his/her original one (Panter, 2013). Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive is the only documented medical condition in which a normal functioning organ system turns into another (FOP, 2009). Because “the heart and other organs are made up of a different kind of muscle, they do not grow bone tissue” and remain unaffected by the disease’s effects (Torres, 2013).…
Dealing with the unknown Did you know that there are 206 bones in the adult human body and 300 in a child's? When children grow some of the bones fuse together. As everyone can imagine it probably took time, experiments, and research to figure this out.…
There are on average 206 individual bones in an adult human skeleton, which are both metabolically active and highly vascularised. Bones have many important roles within the human body, for example they provide structure and support for the fleshy tissue, protection of vital organs eg the brain in the cranial cavity, storage for vital materials eg calcium and phosphorus and also enables movement of the body as the bones provide a surface for ligament, muscles and tendons to attach to. The bones also play a role in blood production of both white and red blood cells as bone marrow is stored in the central cavity of long bones. The 206 individual bones can be divided in to 5 subgroups of bone, these are;…
Given a physical model or an electronic image of the human skeleton identify the different types of cartilages and bones and compare their structures, growth, and function as they are related to various medical conditions.…
When aging a juvenile skeleton, there are many methods that can be used such as the length of long bones or dental eruption (Garvin et al, 2012). These can be used with a certain degree of reliability, in particular the development of the dentition is reported to be the least effected by environmental factors, and therefore considered the most preferable method of age determination for a juvenile skeleton (Scheur and Black, 2000). Markers of adulthood include the full fusion of the…
There are a multitude of causes of bone deformities. They can occur due to a difficult birth, which leads to a baby being born with bones bent out of shape. In congenital bone deformities such as this, the child's bones generally straighten out on their own by the age of nine. If the don't by the age of ten, treatment is needed though. Severely obese teenagers and adults who are already finished growing also experience bone deformities if their weight is so high that their bones simply cannot support it correctly anymore. Also, if a bone is broken from an injury, but it does not heal correctly, this can lead to it growing back together in an irregular shape. Cancer that is spread to the bones can disfigure them as well.…
Sky’s legs are about two times the length of her torso, and her arms fall past her hip well into her mid-thigh in length. According to our textbook, “Much of the change in body’s proportions and appearance is due to the lengthening of the long bones of the arms, legs, and fingers (Olsen, Reginato, & Wang, 2000).” The bone development process ossification plays a critical role in the strengthening, hardening, and generating new tissue by the growth plates of the bones which are critical in children’s growth. Some of Sky’s other visible characteristics are her black curly hair, and large almond shaped brown eyes. She has a big grin, and although her front tooth is currently loose hasn’t lost any baby teeth…
Spencer, Samantha. "Osteogenesis Imperfecta - Testing & Diagnosis." Boston Children 's Hospital. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. <http://www.childrenshospital.org/az/Site139…