Nursing Work Environment

Literature Review
Work environment According to the business dictionary, the work environment includes the physical geographical location as well as the immediate surroundings of the workplace, such as a construction site or office building. There are typically other workplace factors relating to the place of employment like the standard of the air, noise level, and extra benefits and advantages of employment such as free child care or unlimited coffee, or adequate parking (Business Dictionary, 2016). The work environment can be described as an environment in which nurses are working (Jain and Kaur, 2014). It has been defined as physical work environment, human work environment, and organizational environment. Physical work
This environment is characterized by a high level of trust between staff and management; by nurses who treat each other in a respectful manner; by an organizational culture that promotes communication and cooperation qualified; and a climate in which individuals feel emotionally and physically safe (Kupperschmidt et al.,2010). A healthy work environment is conceptualized as a professional practice environment within which staff is skilled communicators and where interactions face-to-face open, positive and consistent with its skilled and ethical obligations. Achieving a healthy work environment is very important to nursing work (Cornett and O'Rourke, 2009; Stichler, 2009). According to International Council of Nursing (ICN), Positive practice environment is characterized by safety, occupational health, and wellness policies that address workplace risks, psychological and physical violence, discrimination, personal security issues, fair and controllable workloads and job demands. Moreover, the organizational climate reflects effective management and leadership practices, good peer support, worker participation in decision-making, shared values. Also, it depended on a good balance between work and private life, equal opportunity and treatment, opportunities for professional development and career improvement, skilled identity, supervision,
Work environment foundation The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN, 2015 ) recognized six standards for maintaining and establishing a healthy work environment. These standards are skilled communication, effective decision-making, true collaboration, meaningful recognition, appropriate staffing, and authentic leadership. Skilled communication standard, nurses must be as competent in communication skills as they are in clinical skills. Communication is the fourth element of a healthy working relationship. Communication must be open, direct, honest, and predominantly positive in nature (Manion, 2012). Effective decision making by nurses has been identified as an important standard. Nurses must be valued and involved in the policy, direction, and evaluation of clinical care and leading organizational operations (AACN,