Mothers as Family Managers

I
-

WATER A N D SANITATION FOR HEALTH PROJECT

I
THE ROLE OF WOMEN AS
P A R T I C I P A N T S A N D BENEFICIARIES

I

COORCINATION A N D INFORR4ATION CENTER

IN W A T E R SUPPLY A N D
SANlTATlON PROGRAMS
L
m

Opcrarcti bv CDhl FIVC for the U.S. t l g r n c y T r Intcrriation,il r k Y ~ l q ~ n i ~ r i l o

1611 N. Kcnt Street, Room 1002 Arlington, Virginia 22209 USA
Telephone: [phone] Tclcx No. VJUI 64552 Cable Address WASHAID

WASH TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 11
DECEMBER 1981

Prepared for: Office of Health Bureau for S c i e n c e and T e c h n o l o g y U.S. Agency for International Development C - Task 5 1

WASH TECHNICAL REPORT NO. I1

THE ROLE OF WOMEN AS PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES IN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROGRAMS

Prepared for the O f f i c ~of Health B u r e ~ ufor Science and Technology Agency for International Development under C-Task 51

Prepared by: Mary L. Elmendorf, Ph.D. and Raymond B. Isely, M.D., M.P.H.,

D.T.M

December 1981

Contract No. AID/DSPE-C-0080 Project No. 931-1176

TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter SUMMARY Page

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iii iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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1.1
1.2

Women and Sanitation

2
2

An Approach to Understanding Women 's Roles Relationship to Primary Health Care

.......

.............. 2 . WOMEN AS ACCEPTORS OF IMPROVED WATER AND SANITATION TECHNOLOGIES: CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROJECT PLANNING . 3. WOMEN AS USERS OF IMPROVED WATER AND SANITATION TECHNOLOGIES: FACTORS IN PROJECT IMPLEMENTATIdN..... 3.1 Education of Wornen as Users of Water Supply and Sanitation Facilities ............................
1.3 3.2
3.3

3
4

8
8
9

Women as Water and Sanitation Promoters

..........

........ 9 3.4 Communication Through Explanation and Demonstra.. tion .......................................... 10 4 WOMEN AS MANAGERS OF YATER AND SANITATION FACILITIES: INCLUDING

Bibliography: Elmendorf, M.L., "Community Participation: A Human Dimension with Promise and Problems ," Safe Water and Waste Disposal for Health: A Reference Manual. National Demonstration Water Project, Washington, DC, 1981. , Field notes from Sri Lanka, Excerpts in Decade Plan for Water Supply and Sanitation, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, 1980. , "Public Participation and Acceptance," Envircinmental Impacts of International Civil Engineering Projects and Practices, American Society of Civil Engineers Publications, New York, NY, 1978. Imboden, N., Induced Change in Health Behavior: A Study of & Pilot Environmental Sanitation Project in Uttar Pradesh, Publication No. 356, Planning Research and Action Institute, Lucknow, 1968. , "Planning and Design of Rural Drinking Water Pr0.jects , ' Experiences in Rural Development, occasional paper I No. 2, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Centre, Paris, 1977. Isely, R.E., "Targeting Sanitation Programs Where It Counts: Mothers af Small Children," proceedings of the Congress of the World Federation of Public Health Associations, Calcutta, 1981. Assignment C h i l d r e n , UNICEF East Asia a n d P a k i s t a n R e g i o n a l O f f i c e , "Toward a P r o grammer 's Guide: Report o f a R e g i o n a l Water and S a n i t a t i o n Workshop," B a n g k o k , 1981 D . J . B r a d l e y , and A.U. W h i t e , D r a w e r s o f Water: Domestic Water Use i r , East A f r i c a , U n i v e r s i t y o f C h i c a g o P r e s s , Chicago, IL, 1972.